This thesis explores the evolving landscape of real estate investment by comparing two innovative investment vehicles: real estate crowdfunding and real estate tokenization. Both mechanisms have emerged as prominent alternatives to traditional real estate investment, leveraging financial technology (FinTech) to offer enhanced accessibility and efficiency. Despite the growing interest and adoption of real estate crowdfunding and tokenization, there exists a notable gap in the literature regarding their comparative analysis, investor behavior, and clustering of their investors. This thesis aims to address this gap. The research methodology includes a comparative review of existing literature, recognizing important factors, a comparative analysis of real estate crowdfunding and tokenization, and a survey-based study of investor behavior. Key aspects such as ownership structures, underlying technologies, regulatory frameworks, and market dynamics are examined. The investor behavior study employs statistical techniques such as descriptive analysis and k-means cluster analysis to identify distinct clusters of investors based on demographics, investment preferences, and decision-making processes. The findings of the thesis indicate that both real estate crowdfunding and tokenization offer unique advantages, such as lower entry barriers, enhanced liquidity, and increased transparency. However, they also present challenges, including regulatory uncertainties and technological complexities. The comparative analysis reveals that while real estate crowdfunding is more established and familiar to investors, real estate tokenization holds significant potential for future growth due to its innovative approach to asset ownership and trading. Additionally, the findings show significant differences in investor preferences based on demographic characteristics. The cluster analysis identified three distinct clusters: Cluster 1: Young Innovators; represent newer investors with higher familiarity with blockchain technology and higher risk tolerance. Cluster 2: Traditional Value Seekers; represent more experienced investors with lower familiarity with blockchain technology and lower risk tolerance. Cluster 3: Pragmatic Innovators; represent moderate investors with average familiarity with blockchain technology and moderate risk tolerance. The results suggest targeted marketing or personalized investment recommendations to attract new investors to real estate, traditionally recognized as an illiquid asset class. Developing marketing campaigns appropriate to each cluster's characteristics and preferences is crucial. Using targeted ads can effectively attract and retain investors.
Questa tesi esplora il panorama in evoluzione degli investimenti immobiliari confrontando due strumenti di investimento innovativi: il crowdfunding immobiliare e la tokenizzazione immobiliare. Entrambi i meccanismi sono emersi come alternative di rilievo agli investimenti immobiliari tradizionali, sfruttando la tecnologia finanziaria (FinTech) per offrire una maggiore accessibilità ed efficienza. Nonostante l'interesse crescente e l'adozione del crowdfunding immobiliare e della tokenizzazione, esiste un notevole divario nella letteratura riguardante la loro analisi comparativa, il comportamento degli investitori e la segmentazione dei loro investitori. Questa tesi mira a colmare questo divario. La metodologia di ricerca include una revisione comparativa della letteratura esistente, riconoscendo fattori importanti, un'analisi comparativa del crowdfunding immobiliare e della tokenizzazione, e uno studio basato su un sondaggio sul comportamento degli investitori. Vengono esaminati aspetti chiave come le strutture di proprietà, le tecnologie sottostanti, i quadri normativi e le dinamiche di mercato. Lo studio del comportamento degli investitori impiega tecniche statistiche come l'analisi descrittiva e l'analisi dei cluster k-means per identificare distinti gruppi di investitori in base a demografia, preferenze di investimento e processi decisionali. I risultati della tesi indicano che sia il crowdfunding immobiliare che la tokenizzazione offrono vantaggi unici, come barriere d'ingresso più basse, maggiore liquidità e trasparenza aumentata. Tuttavia, presentano anche sfide, tra cui incertezze normative e complessità tecnologiche. L'analisi comparativa rivela che, mentre il crowdfunding immobiliare è più consolidato e familiare agli investitori, la tokenizzazione immobiliare possiede un significativo potenziale di crescita futura grazie al suo approccio innovativo alla proprietà e al trading di asset. Inoltre, i risultati mostrano significative differenze nelle preferenze degli investitori in base alle caratteristiche demografiche. L'analisi dei cluster ha identificato tre distinti gruppi: Cluster 1: Giovani Innovatori; rappresentano nuovi investitori con maggiore familiarità con la tecnologia blockchain e una maggiore tolleranza al rischio. Cluster 2: Ricercatori di Valore Tradizionale; rappresentano investitori più esperti con minore familiarità con la tecnologia blockchain e una minore tolleranza al rischio. Cluster 3: Innovatori Pratici; rappresentano investitori moderati con media familiarità con la tecnologia blockchain e moderata tolleranza al rischio. I risultati suggeriscono strategie di marketing mirate o raccomandazioni di investimento personalizzate per attrarre nuovi investitori nel settore immobiliare, tradizionalmente riconosciuto come una classe di asset illiquida. 6 È cruciale sviluppare campagne di marketing su misura per le caratteristiche e le preferenze di ciascun cluster. L'utilizzo di annunci mirati può efficacemente attrarre e fidelizzare gli investitori.
Real estate crowdfunding and real estate tokenization: a comparative study of of two innovative investment vehicles in real estate, and cluster analysis of their investors
Hashemi Farahmand, Seyedmahdi
2023/2024
Abstract
This thesis explores the evolving landscape of real estate investment by comparing two innovative investment vehicles: real estate crowdfunding and real estate tokenization. Both mechanisms have emerged as prominent alternatives to traditional real estate investment, leveraging financial technology (FinTech) to offer enhanced accessibility and efficiency. Despite the growing interest and adoption of real estate crowdfunding and tokenization, there exists a notable gap in the literature regarding their comparative analysis, investor behavior, and clustering of their investors. This thesis aims to address this gap. The research methodology includes a comparative review of existing literature, recognizing important factors, a comparative analysis of real estate crowdfunding and tokenization, and a survey-based study of investor behavior. Key aspects such as ownership structures, underlying technologies, regulatory frameworks, and market dynamics are examined. The investor behavior study employs statistical techniques such as descriptive analysis and k-means cluster analysis to identify distinct clusters of investors based on demographics, investment preferences, and decision-making processes. The findings of the thesis indicate that both real estate crowdfunding and tokenization offer unique advantages, such as lower entry barriers, enhanced liquidity, and increased transparency. However, they also present challenges, including regulatory uncertainties and technological complexities. The comparative analysis reveals that while real estate crowdfunding is more established and familiar to investors, real estate tokenization holds significant potential for future growth due to its innovative approach to asset ownership and trading. Additionally, the findings show significant differences in investor preferences based on demographic characteristics. The cluster analysis identified three distinct clusters: Cluster 1: Young Innovators; represent newer investors with higher familiarity with blockchain technology and higher risk tolerance. Cluster 2: Traditional Value Seekers; represent more experienced investors with lower familiarity with blockchain technology and lower risk tolerance. Cluster 3: Pragmatic Innovators; represent moderate investors with average familiarity with blockchain technology and moderate risk tolerance. The results suggest targeted marketing or personalized investment recommendations to attract new investors to real estate, traditionally recognized as an illiquid asset class. Developing marketing campaigns appropriate to each cluster's characteristics and preferences is crucial. Using targeted ads can effectively attract and retain investors.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/225472