The subject of the of European banks’ health is highly topical because of the impact made by the financial crisis broken out in 2007 in the USA that has quickly spread over many segments of the global financial market. The legacy of this crisis was the rules’ revision of prudential regulation and the drafting of the Basel III in response to the earlier capital requirements’ inadequacy that had not allowed to understand the consequences of both the bursting of the U.S. real estate bubble and the underwriters’ insolvency of subprime mortgages on global finance. As a result, higher capital requirements have been imposed for banks, which have caused the need of increasing the level of regulatory capital. In this scenario of large changes, new securities of long-term debt have been devised, that are included into the category of hybrid securities, commonly called "Contingent Convertible Bond" - CoCo bonds. Under specific conditions, they allow a recapitalization of the issuing bank through a depreciation of the value of the debt or a conversion of bonds into equity. These instruments have emerged as a new way of systemically important financial institutions’ recapitalization in order to avoid scenarios similar to those of the U.S. financial crisis, when the government was called to bailout of many banks on the brink of bankruptcy. Markets are not yet very familiar with the issues of these instruments, since up to now they have been limited. The aim of our work is to go beyond a purely theoretical approach to the topic and understand the features of these securities along two perspectives: the risk-return profile for investors and effectiveness and convenience for issuers. Therefore our project has been divided into two different macro sections of analysis that reflect the two points of view mentioned above. From the investors’ side, it has emerged the convenience of CoCos’ inclusion in their investment portfolios, as instruments with a good risk-return profile taking into consideration the current instability of the stock market and the present interest rates’ low level, that probably will maintain as such also for the next quarters. It is obvious that the risks are higher than those of a traditional bond, as can be expected from the increased subordination of contingent capital and its intrinsic features. Our analysis from the banks’ point of view, highlights a current context in which the issuers are well capitalized and well supported by subsidized loans granted by the ECB. Such evidences undermine future convenience to use CoCos if these conditions persist , encouraging also possible advance buybacks from current issuers. However we found that they could be a valuable tool for the recapitalization of banks that are small to medium that seem to be not-so-well-capitalized with respect to the new capital requirements that will come gradually into force by 2019.
Il tema dello stato di salute delle banche europee è di forte attualità a causa delle conseguenze apportate dalla crisi finanziaria scoppiata nel 2007 negli USA che si sono trasmesse velocemente a numerosi segmenti del mercato finanziario globale. Eredità di tale crisi è stata la revisione delle norme di regolamentazione prudenziale e la stesura di Basilea III, in risposta all’inadeguatezza dei requisiti patrimoniali precedenti che non avevano permesso di comprendere le ripercussioni che lo scoppio della bolla immobiliare USA prima e l’insolvenza dei sottoscrittori dei mutui subprime poi, hanno determinato sulla finanza mondiale. Tutto ciò si è tradotto nell’imposizione di requisiti patrimoniali più elevati per le banche, che hanno determinato la necessità di aumentare i livelli di capitale di vigilanza. E’ all’interno di questo scenario di profondi cambiamenti che sono stati ideati nuovi strumenti di debito a lungo termine, che rientrano nella categoria dei titoli ibridi, denominati in genere “Contingent Convertible Bond”- CoCo bond. Essi, sotto condizioni specifiche, permettono una ricapitalizzazione della banca emittente attraverso o una svalutazione del valore del debito o una conversione del bond in equity. Tali strumenti sono nati come nuova modalità di ricapitalizzazione delle istituzioni di rilevanza sistemica, onde evitare scenari simili a quelli della crisi finanziaria USA, in cui il governo è stato chiamato al salvataggio di molte banche sull’orlo del fallimento. I mercati non hanno ancora molta familiarità con le emissioni di tali strumenti, poiché finora sono state limitate. L’obiettivo del nostro lavoro è andare oltre un approccio puramente teorico al tema e comprendere le caratteristiche di questi strumenti lungo due prospettive: profilo di rischio-rendimento per gli investitori ed efficacia e convenienza per gli emittenti. Il nostro progetto è stato pertanto diviso in due differenti macrosezioni di analisi che riflettono i due punti di vista sopra citati. Dal lato investitori è emersa la convenienza all’inserimento dei CoCo all’interno del proprio portafoglio d’investimento, in quanto strumenti con un buon profilo di rischio-rendimento alla luce dell’instabilità odierna del mercato azionario e all’attuale basso livello dei tassi d’interesse, destinato, probabilmente a mantenersi tale anche per i prossimi trimestri. Ovviamente i rischi sono maggiori rispetto a un bond tradizionale, come è lecito attendersi dalla maggiore subordinazione del capitale contingente e dalle sue caratteristiche intrinseche. Le analisi effettuate dal lato banche mettono in luce un contesto attuale in cui gli istituti emittenti sono ben capitalizzati e sostenuti dai finanziamenti agevolati concessi dalla BCE; tali evidenze minano quindi la convenienza futura a ricorrere ai CoCo se persistono tali condizioni, favorendo anche eventuali buyback anticipati da parte degli attuali emittenti. Abbiamo riscontrato però che essi potrebbero essere un valido strumento di ricapitalizzazione per le banche medio-piccole che risultano non così ben capitalizzate rispetto ai nuovi requisiti patrimoniali che entreranno gradualmente in vigore entro il 2019.
I contingent convertible bond come strumenti di finanziamento e di investimento : opportunità e rischi
PREVITALI, FRANCESCA;MILANESI, MANUELA
2011/2012
Abstract
The subject of the of European banks’ health is highly topical because of the impact made by the financial crisis broken out in 2007 in the USA that has quickly spread over many segments of the global financial market. The legacy of this crisis was the rules’ revision of prudential regulation and the drafting of the Basel III in response to the earlier capital requirements’ inadequacy that had not allowed to understand the consequences of both the bursting of the U.S. real estate bubble and the underwriters’ insolvency of subprime mortgages on global finance. As a result, higher capital requirements have been imposed for banks, which have caused the need of increasing the level of regulatory capital. In this scenario of large changes, new securities of long-term debt have been devised, that are included into the category of hybrid securities, commonly called "Contingent Convertible Bond" - CoCo bonds. Under specific conditions, they allow a recapitalization of the issuing bank through a depreciation of the value of the debt or a conversion of bonds into equity. These instruments have emerged as a new way of systemically important financial institutions’ recapitalization in order to avoid scenarios similar to those of the U.S. financial crisis, when the government was called to bailout of many banks on the brink of bankruptcy. Markets are not yet very familiar with the issues of these instruments, since up to now they have been limited. The aim of our work is to go beyond a purely theoretical approach to the topic and understand the features of these securities along two perspectives: the risk-return profile for investors and effectiveness and convenience for issuers. Therefore our project has been divided into two different macro sections of analysis that reflect the two points of view mentioned above. From the investors’ side, it has emerged the convenience of CoCos’ inclusion in their investment portfolios, as instruments with a good risk-return profile taking into consideration the current instability of the stock market and the present interest rates’ low level, that probably will maintain as such also for the next quarters. It is obvious that the risks are higher than those of a traditional bond, as can be expected from the increased subordination of contingent capital and its intrinsic features. Our analysis from the banks’ point of view, highlights a current context in which the issuers are well capitalized and well supported by subsidized loans granted by the ECB. Such evidences undermine future convenience to use CoCos if these conditions persist , encouraging also possible advance buybacks from current issuers. However we found that they could be a valuable tool for the recapitalization of banks that are small to medium that seem to be not-so-well-capitalized with respect to the new capital requirements that will come gradually into force by 2019.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
2012_dicembre_Milanesi_Previtali.pdf
non accessibile
Descrizione: Testo della tesi
Dimensione
5.77 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
5.77 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in POLITesi sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/10589/70881