In the present thesis, the electronic and spin dynamics of various ferromagnetic materials have been investigated by means of magneto-optics experiments. In particular, a flexible experimental apparatus with the skillful combination of time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect (TR-MOKE) and time-resolved ellipsometry has been developed. The experimental technique, called time resolved magneto-optical spectroscopic ellipsometry (TR-MOSE), is based on the pump and probe method using an intense 800 nm wavelength pump pulse and a broad-band probe in the visible light range (450-700 nm) with 100 fs time resolution. This combination allows to unambiguously retrieve all non-trivial elements of the dielectric tensor in the investigated material, disentangling the genuine magnetic response from the effects of photoexcited charge carriers. The studies have been carried out on two classes of ferromagnets: half-metals (CrO2 and La0.7Sr0.3MnO3) and simple metals (Fe). The Kerr signal shows considerable charge effects in the magnetically correlated oxides, suggesting that a careful analysis of TR-MOKE is essential for these systems. The genuine sub-picoscond spin dynamics in ferromagnetic metals, as deduced by TR-MOSE, reveals that the ultrafast demagnetization cannot be attributed to significant modification of the electronic band structure after laser excitation, as recently suggested in the literature: our experimental evidence indicates that the ultrafast loss of spin order is mainly determined by collective excitations, specifically magnon creation.
In questo lavoro di tesi sono state indagate le dinamiche elettroniche e di spin in vari materiali ferromagnetici tramite esperimenti di magneto-ottica. In particolare, è stato sviluppato un apparato sperimentale basato sulla combinazione dell'effetto Kerr magneto-ottico risolto in tempo (TR-MOKE) e dell'ellissometria. La tecnica è basata sul metodo del pump-probe che utilizza intensi impulsi laser della lunghezza d'onda di 800 nm come pump e impulsi a larga banda spettrale (450-700 nm) come probe, con risoluzione temporale di 100 fs. Tale combinazione permette di dedurre tutti i termini non nulli del tensore dielettrico nel materiale in esame, discriminando così la genuina risposta magnetica dagli effetti meramente dovuti alla dinamica elettronica. Lo studio è stato condotto su due classi di ferromagneti: semi metalli -half-metals - (CrO2 e La0.7Sr0.3MnO3) e metalli tradizionali (Fe). Il segnale Kerr negli ossidi correlati rivela la forte presenza di effetti dovuti alla dinamica elettronica, indicando che un'attenta analisi del segnale TR-MOKE è essenziale in tali sistemi. La dinamica di spin nel Fe su scala temporale ultrabreve (< 1ps) ha permesso di dedurre che la demagnetizzazione indotta otticamente non può essere attribuita a sostanziali variazioni della struttura elettronica, come recentemente suggerito da altri gruppi di ricerca: la nostra evidenza sperimentale suggerisce che la perdita di ordine magnetico sia invece determinata da eccitazioni collettive, nello specifico la creazione di onde di spin.
Ultrafast magneto-optic spectroscopic ellipsometry: genuine magnetization dynamics in half-metallic and metallic systems upon laser excitation
HEDAYAT ZADEH ROODSARI, HAMOON
Abstract
In the present thesis, the electronic and spin dynamics of various ferromagnetic materials have been investigated by means of magneto-optics experiments. In particular, a flexible experimental apparatus with the skillful combination of time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect (TR-MOKE) and time-resolved ellipsometry has been developed. The experimental technique, called time resolved magneto-optical spectroscopic ellipsometry (TR-MOSE), is based on the pump and probe method using an intense 800 nm wavelength pump pulse and a broad-band probe in the visible light range (450-700 nm) with 100 fs time resolution. This combination allows to unambiguously retrieve all non-trivial elements of the dielectric tensor in the investigated material, disentangling the genuine magnetic response from the effects of photoexcited charge carriers. The studies have been carried out on two classes of ferromagnets: half-metals (CrO2 and La0.7Sr0.3MnO3) and simple metals (Fe). The Kerr signal shows considerable charge effects in the magnetically correlated oxides, suggesting that a careful analysis of TR-MOKE is essential for these systems. The genuine sub-picoscond spin dynamics in ferromagnetic metals, as deduced by TR-MOSE, reveals that the ultrafast demagnetization cannot be attributed to significant modification of the electronic band structure after laser excitation, as recently suggested in the literature: our experimental evidence indicates that the ultrafast loss of spin order is mainly determined by collective excitations, specifically magnon creation.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/101055