Proliferative Kidney disease (PKD) is one of the most important parasitic diseases of salmonid populations in Europe and North America. It brings important economic losses to fish farms and has a significant impact on wild fish populations. The causing agent of PKD is the myxozoan Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, which uses freshwater bryozoans as intermediate hosts. The most common host species for myxozoan T. bryosalmonae is the bryozoan Fredericella sultana. The objective of this Master thesis was to create a probability distribution model for the presence of F. sultana in Switzerland from presence-only records of infected trout and by analyzing various environmental variables. The selected environmental variables were local but also of the entire upstream catchment area. These environmental variables estimate climate, river slope, land cover, geology and pollutant release facilities. All of the data was first processed with a GIS system and Matlab in order to compute the environmental variables required. The probability distribution was then created with MaxEnt, a Species Distribution Model (SDM) that combined observations of a species’ presence with environmental variables that could have effects on the suitability of the species’ habitat. Various runs were performed in order to evaluate all the different modelling possibilities. All of the runs performed significantly better than the random model, and the AUC was high for all the cases. The predicted probability of presence of F. sultana is higher near the large cities of Switzerland, this fact is consistent with the most important variable: the percent of built up area in the upstream basins. The other important variables were found to be the mean river slope, mean altitude (local and up-stream) and the percentage of alluvial rocks of the upstream basins.
La malattia renale proliferativa (MRP) è una delle più importanti malattie parassitarie delle popolazioni salmonidae in Europa e nel Nord America. Questa malattia porta importanti perdite economiche agli allevamenti di pesci e ha un notevole impatto sulle popolazioni di pesci presenti in natura. L’agente che causa la MRP è la myxozoa Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, che utilizza i briozoi di acqua dolce come ospiti intermedi. La più comune specie ospite per la myxozoa T. bryosalmonae è la bryozoa Fredericella sultana. L’obbiettivo di questa tesi di master è quello di creare un modello di distribuzione di probabilità per la presenza della F. sultana in Svizzera utilizzando dati di sola presenza di trote infette e analizzando diverse variabili ambientali. Le variabili ambientali selezionate sono sia locali che dell’intero bacino idrografico a monte. Queste variabili ambientali considerano il clima, la pendenza del fiume, la copertura del suolo, la geologia e le eventuali strutture di rilascio di inquinanti. Tutti i dati sono stati elaborati con dei sistemi GIS e Matlab per ottenere le variabili ambientali volute. La distribuzione di probabilità è stata creata con MaxEnt, un modello di distribuzione di popolazioni (SDM) che combina osservazioni di presenza di specie con variabili ambientali che potrebbero avere un impatto sull’idoneità dell’habitat per le specie. Sono state eseguite diverse runs per valutare tutte le possibili modalità di modellizzazione. Tutte le runs hanno una performance significativamente migliore del modello random, e il valore di AUC è stato alto in tutti i casi. La probabilità predetta di presenza delle F. sultana è più alta vicino alle grandi città della Svizzera, questo fatto è consistente con la variabile più importante: la percentuale di urbanizzato nei bacini a monte. Le altre variabili ambientali importanti sono risultale la pendenza del fiume, l’altitudine media (locale e dei bacini a monte) e la percentuale di rocce alluvionali nei bacini a monte.
Study of the distribution of Fredericella sultana in Switzerland in relation to environmental variables to predict the diffusion of proliferative kidney disease in fish populations
BARDI, IRENE
2014/2015
Abstract
Proliferative Kidney disease (PKD) is one of the most important parasitic diseases of salmonid populations in Europe and North America. It brings important economic losses to fish farms and has a significant impact on wild fish populations. The causing agent of PKD is the myxozoan Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, which uses freshwater bryozoans as intermediate hosts. The most common host species for myxozoan T. bryosalmonae is the bryozoan Fredericella sultana. The objective of this Master thesis was to create a probability distribution model for the presence of F. sultana in Switzerland from presence-only records of infected trout and by analyzing various environmental variables. The selected environmental variables were local but also of the entire upstream catchment area. These environmental variables estimate climate, river slope, land cover, geology and pollutant release facilities. All of the data was first processed with a GIS system and Matlab in order to compute the environmental variables required. The probability distribution was then created with MaxEnt, a Species Distribution Model (SDM) that combined observations of a species’ presence with environmental variables that could have effects on the suitability of the species’ habitat. Various runs were performed in order to evaluate all the different modelling possibilities. All of the runs performed significantly better than the random model, and the AUC was high for all the cases. The predicted probability of presence of F. sultana is higher near the large cities of Switzerland, this fact is consistent with the most important variable: the percent of built up area in the upstream basins. The other important variables were found to be the mean river slope, mean altitude (local and up-stream) and the percentage of alluvial rocks of the upstream basins.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/107483