The uncorrected application of the “standard” fire method in large volumes, such as industrial buildings, has directed the research about more correct models. The available computing power made possible to perform complex simulations, able to consider multiple factors. By the use of the software “Fire Dynamics Simulator” (FDS) a series of simulations of fire inside a hypothetical industrial building was performed. The purpose of the analysis is to investigate the differences between the results of structural computations, carried out by adopting the nominal curves or through the use of natural curves of fire. Specifically, attention was paid on those parameters that most influence the event, evaluating the effects on the fire resistance of the structure. To do this, it was necessary to conduct some analysis of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), using the quoted program. After a brief description of the main structural precast reinforced concrete elements, the analysis switched to dynamics of the fire: the parameters that control it, the stages of growth, the causes and the consequences. Then, the main legislative sources concerning the subject of this thesis. Afterward, a description of the models for the simulation of a fire has been made, highlighting their characteristics and fields of application, in particular the field models and to the FDS software. Then the building object of the analysis has been described, referring in particular to the geometry, to the structure, to the interior spaces and to the smoke and heat evacuation systems. Finally, four cases have been simulated, the results of which highlighted the inadequacy of the legislation. The law requests are too many strict, which it is negative both from an economic and the functional point of view. The use of natural curves of fire allows an optimization of the overall process, while ensuring compliance with the safety standards imposed.
L’inadeguatezza dell’applicazione dell’incendio “standard” a grandi volumi, quali gli ambienti industriali, ha indirizzato verso la ricerca di modelli più corretti. La potenza di calcolo disponibile ha reso possibile effettuare simulazioni complesse, in grado di considerare molteplici fattori. Attraverso l’utilizzo del software “Fire Dynamics Simulator” (FDS) sono state eseguite una serie di simulazioni d’incendio all’interno di un ipotetico edificio industriale. Le analisi hanno avuto lo scopo d’indagare le differenze esistenti tra i risultati delle verifiche strutturali, svolte sulla base dell’adozione di curve nominali oppure mediante l’utilizzo di curve naturali d’incendio. In particolare si è posta l’attenzione su quei parametri che influenzano maggiormente il fenomeno, valutandone gli effetti dal punto di vista della resistenza al fuoco della struttura. Per fare ciò, è stato indispensabile condurre delle analisi di fluidodinamica computazionale (CFD), servendosi del programma citato. Dopo una breve descrizione dei principali elementi strutturali in cemento armato prefabbricato, si è passati all’analisi delle dinamiche dell’incendio: i parametri che lo governano, i vari stadi di sviluppo, le cause e le conseguenze. In seguito sono state presentate le principali fonti normative inerenti il tema trattato nella tesi. Successivamente, si è approfondita la descrizione dei modelli adottabili per la simulazione di un incendio, evidenziandone le caratteristiche e i campi d’impiego, con particolare riferimento ai modelli di campo e al software FDS. Quindi, è stato descritto l’edificio oggetto delle analisi, riferendosi in particolare alla geometria, alla struttura, agli spazi interni e ai sistemi di evacuazione di fumo e calore. Concludendo, sono state svolte quattro simulazioni di altrettanti scenari, i cui risultati hanno evidenziato l’inadeguatezza della normativa. Le richieste di legge appaiono eccessivamente severe, con ripercussioni negative sia da un punto di vista economico che funzionale. L’utilizzo di curve naturali d’incendio permette un’ottimizzazione globale del processo, garantendo comunque il rispetto degli standard di sicurezza imposti.
Scenari di incendio in edifici industriali
CORBELLA, GIORGIO
2013/2014
Abstract
The uncorrected application of the “standard” fire method in large volumes, such as industrial buildings, has directed the research about more correct models. The available computing power made possible to perform complex simulations, able to consider multiple factors. By the use of the software “Fire Dynamics Simulator” (FDS) a series of simulations of fire inside a hypothetical industrial building was performed. The purpose of the analysis is to investigate the differences between the results of structural computations, carried out by adopting the nominal curves or through the use of natural curves of fire. Specifically, attention was paid on those parameters that most influence the event, evaluating the effects on the fire resistance of the structure. To do this, it was necessary to conduct some analysis of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), using the quoted program. After a brief description of the main structural precast reinforced concrete elements, the analysis switched to dynamics of the fire: the parameters that control it, the stages of growth, the causes and the consequences. Then, the main legislative sources concerning the subject of this thesis. Afterward, a description of the models for the simulation of a fire has been made, highlighting their characteristics and fields of application, in particular the field models and to the FDS software. Then the building object of the analysis has been described, referring in particular to the geometry, to the structure, to the interior spaces and to the smoke and heat evacuation systems. Finally, four cases have been simulated, the results of which highlighted the inadequacy of the legislation. The law requests are too many strict, which it is negative both from an economic and the functional point of view. The use of natural curves of fire allows an optimization of the overall process, while ensuring compliance with the safety standards imposed.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/107541