Access to energy and human development are deeply linked together. Over the last decades, the importance of energy in the global scenario has constantly risen and the interconnections with society and environment have become more and more evident. For this reason, access to modern energy is today considered an essential prerequisite to fight poverty and encourage development, human empowerment and social progress. Appropriate energy strategies and appropriate technological solutions to extend access to modern energy in the world are to be found. Extending access to electricity is considered as the main leverage for development and fostering Distributed Generation (DG) through the implementation of hybrid off grid systems (micro-grids) can be a good solution for the electrification of rural and remote areas in Developing Countries, where the extension of the national grid can have very high costs. This is the framework for the project Energy4Growing (E4G), which aims at promoting research and innovation in the field of Renewable Energies and Access to Electricity through the design of an innovative hybrid power generating system and its implementation in a rural context in Tanzania (the secondary school of the village of Ngare Nanyuki, Arusha region). In this work, the early steps of the project are investigated. The load assessment and the system operation analysis of Ngare Nanyuki Secondary School are discussed thanks to the author’s experience on the field during a mission of one month in Tanzania. The mission was part of a data collection and metering campaign: the metering tools and the resulting data are addressed. Then, the concept of micro-grid is described: the usual components, control logics and configurations are presented, in order to better understand the configuration of the new micro-grid to be installed in Ngare Nanyuki. Moreover, the project E4G offers the possibility to develop a new approach in system modelling, to be employed while designing off-grid power supply systems. The theoretical background of this new approach is described, as well as its implementation in a MATLAB/Simulink model for the current power supply system of Ngare Nanyuki. This model is validated using the data collected in Ngare Nanyuki during the author’s mission. The author gave a further contribution in the direction of battery sizing.
Accesso all’energia e sviluppo umano sono profondamente legati. Negli ultimi decenni, l’importanza dell’energia nel panorama mondiale è cresciuta costantemente e le interconnessioni con la società e l’ambiente si sono fatte sempre più evidenti. Per questa ragione, l’accesso ai moderni servizi energetici sono considerati oggi un prerequisito essenziale per la lotta alla povertà, lo sviluppo umano e il progresso sociale. Strategie energetiche e soluzioni tecnologiche appropriate per estendere l’accesso all’energia nel mondo sono ormai necessarie. L’estensione dell’accesso all’energia elettrica è considerato come la leva principale allo sviluppo umano e la promozione della Generazione Distribuita (DG) attraverso la costruzione di sistemi off-grid ibridi (micro-grids) può essere una buona soluzione per l’elettrificazione delle aree rurali e remote di Paesi in Via di Sviluppo, dove l’estensione della rete elettrica nazionale può avere costi proibitivi. È questo il contesto del progetto Energy4Growing (E4G), che punta alla promozione di innovazione e ricerca nel campo Energie Rinnovabili e Accesso all’Energia Elettrica attraverso il design e la costruzione di una rete ibrida innovativa per un contesto rurale in Tanzania (la scuola secondaria del villaggio di Ngare Nanyuki, regione di Arusha). Nel presente lavoro vengono trattate le prime fasi del progetto. La valutazione dei consumi della scuola e l’analisi del funzionamento del sistema energetico attuale vengono discussi grazie all’esperienza sul campo dell’autore durante una missione di un mese in Tanzania. La missione era parte di una campagna di misure e raccolta dati sulla scuola di Ngare Nanyuki: gli strumenti di misura e i risultati dell’analisi sono compresi nella trattazione. Successivamente viene approfondito in concetto di micro-grid: vengono presentati componenti, logiche di controllo e configurazioni più comuni, allo scopo di rendere chiara la configurazione scelta per la nuova micro-grid da installare a Ngare Nanyuki. Infine, il progetto E4G offre la possibilità di sviluppare un nuovo approccio nella modellizzazione dei sistemi, da utilizzare durante la progettazione di sistemi off-grid. Vengono descritti lo sfondo teorico di questo nuovo approccio e la sua implementazione in un modello MATLAB/Simulink del sistema attuale di Ngare Nanyuki. Il modello viene validato con i dati raccolti durante la missione in Tanzania . L’autore ha poi dato un ulteriore contributo nella direzione del dimensionamento delle batterie da includere nella nuova micro-grid per la scuola.
Analysis, modelling and simulation of the micro hydropower plant of the Ngare Nanyuki secondary school (Tanzania) : the project Energy4Growing
DI MOLFETTA, ROBERTO
2013/2014
Abstract
Access to energy and human development are deeply linked together. Over the last decades, the importance of energy in the global scenario has constantly risen and the interconnections with society and environment have become more and more evident. For this reason, access to modern energy is today considered an essential prerequisite to fight poverty and encourage development, human empowerment and social progress. Appropriate energy strategies and appropriate technological solutions to extend access to modern energy in the world are to be found. Extending access to electricity is considered as the main leverage for development and fostering Distributed Generation (DG) through the implementation of hybrid off grid systems (micro-grids) can be a good solution for the electrification of rural and remote areas in Developing Countries, where the extension of the national grid can have very high costs. This is the framework for the project Energy4Growing (E4G), which aims at promoting research and innovation in the field of Renewable Energies and Access to Electricity through the design of an innovative hybrid power generating system and its implementation in a rural context in Tanzania (the secondary school of the village of Ngare Nanyuki, Arusha region). In this work, the early steps of the project are investigated. The load assessment and the system operation analysis of Ngare Nanyuki Secondary School are discussed thanks to the author’s experience on the field during a mission of one month in Tanzania. The mission was part of a data collection and metering campaign: the metering tools and the resulting data are addressed. Then, the concept of micro-grid is described: the usual components, control logics and configurations are presented, in order to better understand the configuration of the new micro-grid to be installed in Ngare Nanyuki. Moreover, the project E4G offers the possibility to develop a new approach in system modelling, to be employed while designing off-grid power supply systems. The theoretical background of this new approach is described, as well as its implementation in a MATLAB/Simulink model for the current power supply system of Ngare Nanyuki. This model is validated using the data collected in Ngare Nanyuki during the author’s mission. The author gave a further contribution in the direction of battery sizing.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/107657