With the growing consumption of traditional energy sources, increasing environmental pollution and gradually improvement of power quality requirements of the customs, distributed generation and clean energy technology based on renewable energy, have been widely applied in the grid. As an effective form for distribution generation to access into the grid, micro grid is a flexible, controllable autonomous systems organized by distributed power, energy storage and load by power control and energy management. Coupled with the increasing importance and the enormous potential of electric vehicles, the micro grid operation including energy storage power station of electric vehicles is gradually pointing out a direction for the worsened energy issues, environmental issues and the integration of power quality solution. How to optimize the micro grid containing electric vehicle storage station which is heavily influenced by storage configuration is an important issue to economical optimization operating. This thesis will firstly give a brief introduction and then analyze the relatively maturely used distribution generation photovoltaic, wind turbine, micro turbine and battery. Chapter 2 will analyze their output characteristics, power generation principles, operating characteristics and establish economic models for these micro grid unit according to their output cost curves. Then, according to relevant data, thesis will derive cell characteristics and trip characteristics of electric vehicles, build and construct a mathematical model and use an example by applying electric cars into cooperative scheduling to optimize load curve. Taking into account the impact of energy storage capacity configuration, after calculating and programming in the MATLAB by rain flow algorithm lifetime estimation, the investment of energy storage after converting into daily cost is listed in the objective function. After that, the thesis will divide the depth of electric vehicle involving into the micro grid into three degrees: as normal load, as shifting load and V2G sending back to grid. Two methods of two-step optimization and unified optimization will be used to calculate the optimization from three modes, that is, isolated island, grid connected and grid connected with a constant exchange power. Models of different operation will be built and programed in CPLEX. The unbalanced power of load shedding and wind turbine/photovoltaic will be considered in the model by introducing a penalty item, which is the penalty represented by the penalty coefficient. The brought in of this item will improve the utilization efficiency of renewable energy and convert the load which has a low utilization efficiency and cost performance into risk cost from the economic point of view. The study case about an industrial district will be given in the last part of the thesis. After calculating the model with proper parameters, the energy management center can work out and arrange the output of different distribution generation and send the result to the Micro grid controller. Under the circumstance of load demand and all the output constraints, the total cost is minimized. According to the result, because of the lack of supply from big grid when isolated island operation, the operation fee is high relatively speaking. The extra cost is spending on the storage system. As the coordinate dispatching element, electric vehicle can smooth the load curve and random source output effectively and even make a profit by sending power back to the grid in the spare time of the battery. Penalty cost is sensetive to the parameter and relatively small, which is coincide with the reality.
Con la crescente consumazione delle fonti dell’energia tradizionale, il peggioramento dell’inquinamento ambientale, ed graduali incrementi dei requisiti della qualità di energia elettrica dai clienti, la tecnologia di generazione distribuita ed energia pulita basata sull’energia rinnovabile è stata utilizzata ampiamente in rete energetica. La smart grid, come una efficiente forma per la generazione distribuita ad accedere alla rete energetica, è un sistema flessibile, controllabile e autonomo che redistribuisce l’energia elettrica, lo stoccaggio e surplus di energia tramite il controllo di potenza e la gestione del sistema energetico. Inoltre, considerando la crescente importanza e l’enorme potenziale dei veicoli elettrici, l’azione della smart grid insieme alla stazione energetica dello stoccaggio di energia per veicoli elettrici indica gradualmente la strada per la soluzione dei peggiorati problemi energetici e ambientali e delle integrazioni di qualità dell’energia. In conseguenza, come ottimizzare la smart drid contenuta la stazione energetica dello stoccaggio di energia per veicoli elettrici e i vari tipi di generazione distribuita, la qual’è fortemente influenzata dalla configurazione dello stoccaggio è un argomento importante. Questa tesi presenta una breve introduzione in primo luogo, poi analizza la relativamente matura usata generazione distribuita fotovoltaica, turbina eolica, micro turbina, e batteria. Il capitolo due studia le loro caratteristiche di output, il principio di generazione dell’energia elettrica, le caratteristiche del funzionamento e la relazione tra i parametri di funzionamento e l’economia stabilendo i modelli economici delle micro-grid unità secondo le curve di output costo. Basando sulle caratteristiche della cella e di intervento di veicoli elettrici derivate dai relativi dati, stabilisce e costruisce un modello matematico della stazione energetica dello stoccaggio di energia per veicoli elettrici, ed utilizza un esempio applicando i veicoli elettrici alla programmazione cooperativa per ottimizzare la curva di surlpus di energia. Tenendo conto dell’impatto di configurazione capacità dello stoccaggio di energia, dopo di aver stimato e programmato in Matlab la durata della batteria usando l’algoritmo di rain flow, converte l’investimento dello stoccaggio di energia in un costo quotidiano che viene elencato nella funzione obiettiva. Dopo la completazione dei modelli economici di ogni elemento, la tesi divide i veicoli elettrici coinvolti in smart grid in tre livelli: carico normale, carico spostato e V2G rispedisce a rete energetica. Inoltre la smart grid è gestita con due metodi: unità ottimazzazione e due-stadi ottimazzazione. I modelli sono stabiliti tramite tre modi: isole energetiche, rete energetica connessa, rete energetica connessa alla potenza di scambio costante. Elencando le funzioni obiettive e le condizioni corripondenti ad ogni modo di funzionamento, tali funzioni verranno stabilite e programmate in CPLEX. La potenza sbilanciata a dovuto della perdità di carico e turbina eolica/fotovoltaica verrà considerata nel modello introducendo una punizione rappresentata da un coefficiente di rigore. Tale termine permette di migliorare l’utilizzo di energia rinnovabile e convertire il carico con bassa efficienza di utilizzo e basse prestazioni del costo nel costo del rischio dal punto di vista economico. Infine, è presentato un caso di una zona industriale dotata della stazione energetica dello stoccaggio di energia per veicoli elettrici. In seguito della valorizzazione dei propri parametri, il centro di gestione dell’energia è in grado di elaborare e gestire l’output di differenti generazioni distribuite e riportare il risultato al controllore di smart grid. Sotto la circostanza della richiesta di carico e la costrizione integrale di output, il costo totale è minimizzato. Riferito al risultato, per la causa della mancanza della fornitura da grande grid applicando le isole energetiche, la quota del costo è relativamente elevata. L’investimento in eccesso è dovuto alla tendenza della richiesta riguardo lo stoccaggio di energia. Come il dispacciamento dell’energia coordinato, veicoli elettrici consentono di regolare la curva di carico e uscita micro-fonte effettivamente e ulteriormente approfittare dello sparso tempo di batteria rimandando l’energia elettrica alla rete energetica. Il coefficiente di rigore è sensibile al parametro e relativamente piccolo, che coincide col caso reale.
Economic operation of micro grid considering electric vehicle storage system
CHAO, GUANG
2014/2015
Abstract
With the growing consumption of traditional energy sources, increasing environmental pollution and gradually improvement of power quality requirements of the customs, distributed generation and clean energy technology based on renewable energy, have been widely applied in the grid. As an effective form for distribution generation to access into the grid, micro grid is a flexible, controllable autonomous systems organized by distributed power, energy storage and load by power control and energy management. Coupled with the increasing importance and the enormous potential of electric vehicles, the micro grid operation including energy storage power station of electric vehicles is gradually pointing out a direction for the worsened energy issues, environmental issues and the integration of power quality solution. How to optimize the micro grid containing electric vehicle storage station which is heavily influenced by storage configuration is an important issue to economical optimization operating. This thesis will firstly give a brief introduction and then analyze the relatively maturely used distribution generation photovoltaic, wind turbine, micro turbine and battery. Chapter 2 will analyze their output characteristics, power generation principles, operating characteristics and establish economic models for these micro grid unit according to their output cost curves. Then, according to relevant data, thesis will derive cell characteristics and trip characteristics of electric vehicles, build and construct a mathematical model and use an example by applying electric cars into cooperative scheduling to optimize load curve. Taking into account the impact of energy storage capacity configuration, after calculating and programming in the MATLAB by rain flow algorithm lifetime estimation, the investment of energy storage after converting into daily cost is listed in the objective function. After that, the thesis will divide the depth of electric vehicle involving into the micro grid into three degrees: as normal load, as shifting load and V2G sending back to grid. Two methods of two-step optimization and unified optimization will be used to calculate the optimization from three modes, that is, isolated island, grid connected and grid connected with a constant exchange power. Models of different operation will be built and programed in CPLEX. The unbalanced power of load shedding and wind turbine/photovoltaic will be considered in the model by introducing a penalty item, which is the penalty represented by the penalty coefficient. The brought in of this item will improve the utilization efficiency of renewable energy and convert the load which has a low utilization efficiency and cost performance into risk cost from the economic point of view. The study case about an industrial district will be given in the last part of the thesis. After calculating the model with proper parameters, the energy management center can work out and arrange the output of different distribution generation and send the result to the Micro grid controller. Under the circumstance of load demand and all the output constraints, the total cost is minimized. According to the result, because of the lack of supply from big grid when isolated island operation, the operation fee is high relatively speaking. The extra cost is spending on the storage system. As the coordinate dispatching element, electric vehicle can smooth the load curve and random source output effectively and even make a profit by sending power back to the grid in the spare time of the battery. Penalty cost is sensetive to the parameter and relatively small, which is coincide with the reality.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
2015_07_GuangChao.pdf
accessibile in internet per tutti
Descrizione: Economic Operation of Micro Grid Considering Electric Vehicle Storage System
Dimensione
1.8 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
1.8 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in POLITesi sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/10589/108699