This study concerns the problem of architectural space in the new modern cities and the conditions that affect their design which aim to reconcile urban quality and maximization of utility. The approach to the subject starts from an examination of the phenomenon of the new settlements for quantitative and qualitative aspects circumscribed by the relationship of politics, sociology, market economy and urban design and architecture. Moreover, the thesis describes the structural reasons for which the architectural and urban design is in a state of confusion, between the exhibitionism of great international firms and the attitude of surrender in the face of a cycle, given for "indispensable system ",in which business logic has replaced the rational design ( which constitutes a constructive logic and formal diversified work depending on the context ). This system is not interested in the context from where the idea of project should be born and considers the intervention as an action that defines itself a valid form in all place as essentially undifferentiated. In the last century, the design of the new city was an important field of studies and experiments for modern architecture and urbanism.The most popular models currently remain technocratic models that interpret the project as an intellectual work which is, however, affected by a series of different interventions in search of an exasperated functionalism. The absence of an idea of the city as a form of civil expression in the project of the new settlements is not a problem of trend or lack of "subjective architectural", but is largely due to the role of interventions which assigned a priority not to the idea of the whole or to the unitary character of the urban body, but to the aspect of the case to the Executive that competes developer , general contractor or corporations architecture qualified for their entrepreneurial skills in completing the work. The case studies were dictated by my choice to focus on the period in which it occurs the process of urbanization of the modern city that is when the new cities arise in relation to the industrialization and urbanization phenomena that prefigure the huge wave of urbanization. In this period, which covers more than a century, countless experiences of new cities have occurred on the international scale, especially in the postwar period, also accompanied by numerous imaginations of new cities, fueled by many ideologies of utopian and, at the present time, induced by processes of transformation of nations and continents. The study concerns the countries that have contributed, in different ways, to build the culture of the founding of new cities with projects and achievements that allow us to reconstruct the general characters, in order to gain critical and useful evaluations, positive or negative, in our works of today.
Questo studio riguarda il problema dello spazio architettonico nella costruzione delle nuove città contemporanee e le condizioni che influiscono sulla loro progettazione, volte a conciliare qualità urbana e massimizzazione delle utilità. L’approccio al tema parte da un esame del fenomeno dei nuovi insediamenti volto a coglierne gli aspetti quantitativi e qualitativi, circoscritti dal rapporto intercorrente fra politica, sociologia, economia di mercato e disegno urbano e architettonico. La tesi descrive inoltre le ragioni strutturali per le quali la progettazione architettonica e urbana si trova in una condizione di smarrimento, tra esibizionismo progettuale delle grandi firme internazionali e atteggiamento di rinuncia a fronte di un ciclo, dato per “sistema irrinunciabile”, in cui la processualità tecnico-economica della logica imprenditoriale ha sostituito la razionalità progettuale (che si costituisce invece su una logica costruttiva e formale diversificata in ogni opera a seconda del contesto). Questo “sistema irrinunciabile” si disinteressa del contesto (da dove viceversa dovrebbe nascere l’idea del progetto) e considera l’intervento come azione che definisce di per sé una forma valida in ogni luogo in quanto sostanzialmente indifferenziata. Nel secolo scorso, la fondazione di nuove città ha rappresentato un importante campo di studi e di esperimenti per l’architettura e l’urbanistica moderna. I modelli attualmente più diffusi rimangono quelli tecnocratici che interpretano il progetto, sì, come opera dell’ingegno, condizionato però da una serie di interventi diversi alla ricerca di un funzionalismo esasperato. L’assenza di un’idea di città come forma di espressione civile nel progetto dei nuovi insediamenti odierni non è una questione di tendenza o di mancanza del “soggettivo architettonico”, ma è dovuta in gran parte al ruolo degli interventi che attribuiscono priorità non all’idea dell’insieme o al carattere unitario del corpo urbano, ma all’aspetto puramente imprenditoriale e tecnico-esecutivo derivante dalle deleghe sociali affidate a developer, general contractor o corporation immobiliari. La scelta dei casi studio è stata dettata dalla volontà di concentrare l’attenzione sulle fasi dell’urbanizzazione moderna, ovvero sul periodo dell’industrializzazione e dei conseguenti fenomeni che prefigurano l’urbanizzazione smisurata di oggi. In questo arco di tempo, che copre più di un secolo, sono innumerevoli le esperienze su scala internazionale di costruzione di nuove città, in particolare nel primo dopoguerra, alimentate da diverse ideologie di carattere utopistico e nel momento attuale, indotte da processi imponenti di trasformazione di intere nazioni-continenti. Lo studio svolto riguarda soprattutto i Paesi che hanno contribuito, in modi diversi, alla formazione della cultura della fondazione di nuove città con progetti e realizzazioni che permettono di ricostruirne i caratteri, al fine di trarne valutazioni critiche utili, in positivo o in negativo, al nostro operare di oggi.
Le città nuove: paradigmi e contesti
LEE, YOUNG DAL
Abstract
This study concerns the problem of architectural space in the new modern cities and the conditions that affect their design which aim to reconcile urban quality and maximization of utility. The approach to the subject starts from an examination of the phenomenon of the new settlements for quantitative and qualitative aspects circumscribed by the relationship of politics, sociology, market economy and urban design and architecture. Moreover, the thesis describes the structural reasons for which the architectural and urban design is in a state of confusion, between the exhibitionism of great international firms and the attitude of surrender in the face of a cycle, given for "indispensable system ",in which business logic has replaced the rational design ( which constitutes a constructive logic and formal diversified work depending on the context ). This system is not interested in the context from where the idea of project should be born and considers the intervention as an action that defines itself a valid form in all place as essentially undifferentiated. In the last century, the design of the new city was an important field of studies and experiments for modern architecture and urbanism.The most popular models currently remain technocratic models that interpret the project as an intellectual work which is, however, affected by a series of different interventions in search of an exasperated functionalism. The absence of an idea of the city as a form of civil expression in the project of the new settlements is not a problem of trend or lack of "subjective architectural", but is largely due to the role of interventions which assigned a priority not to the idea of the whole or to the unitary character of the urban body, but to the aspect of the case to the Executive that competes developer , general contractor or corporations architecture qualified for their entrepreneurial skills in completing the work. The case studies were dictated by my choice to focus on the period in which it occurs the process of urbanization of the modern city that is when the new cities arise in relation to the industrialization and urbanization phenomena that prefigure the huge wave of urbanization. In this period, which covers more than a century, countless experiences of new cities have occurred on the international scale, especially in the postwar period, also accompanied by numerous imaginations of new cities, fueled by many ideologies of utopian and, at the present time, induced by processes of transformation of nations and continents. The study concerns the countries that have contributed, in different ways, to build the culture of the founding of new cities with projects and achievements that allow us to reconstruct the general characters, in order to gain critical and useful evaluations, positive or negative, in our works of today.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/108910