General purpose of the thesis project is the requalification of the post-industrial Factory 718 in the 798 Art District of Beijing, rebirthing artists’ spaces and facilities dedicated to the arts production and creativity. The factory complex of the 798 is part of a large cluster of industrial spaces and services built in the 50s: active until 1990s, the 798 was afterwards dismantled and declared obsolete, and with the beginning of the new millennium spontaneously occupied by emerging local artists, which in the affordable-rent and light-full architectures in Bauhaus style (the architecture was projected in 1951 by German architects), had found a place where living and producing artworks. In the 798 Art District arose the contemporary Chinese art, today internationally recognized and well-known on a global scale. In 2008, after the Olympic Games in the city of Beijing, the place had become famous thanks to the media attention exposing the phenomenon to the government’s attention. In a new era where China manifested to be a new “freedom country” opened to international globalization, the artistic presence became a model of this new trajectory, cancelling the demolition plans that from 2002 were ready to replace the factories of the district with a new technological park. Grew as a sort of Bilbao Effect, the eco of the 798 Art District is today collocated in the creative and cultural industries panorama that in China is constantly developing. The Chinese nation will be declared a “Creative Country” by the year 2020. Inspired by the dynamics of the district, notorious not only in the country but also on an international scale, many requalification urban projects replaced numerous post-industrial sites with creative spaces, museums, art spaces and cultural centres: meaningful are the examples of the cities of Shanghai, Chengdu and Guangzhou. In this terms, find justifications market’s data and surveys that places the Chinese art market at the first position in the global charts, to testify that the contemporary arts production is in the country, particularly in Beijing, finds a great development and expression in museums, universities, cultural places and centres. The thesis project proposes the requalification of the last industrial complex preserved at the original conditions, still active until 2010. The study of the functional layout analyses the real administrative requirements of the District, but, above all, satisfies the requests in terms of creative spaces that todays exponentially decreased thanks to the rising rent prices of the District’s spaces. Firstly, the project studies the real artists’ needs in terms of spaces and artistic work facilities, proposing artists’ studios and laboratories for the artworks creation, spaces for socialization and exhibition areas. The project is conceived for a various target, reserving the most part of the space to the artists and a smaller area to the visitors, which in the place can experience the artist’s work observing the artists’ productions. The project is dedicated to the young artists that in the 798 Art District, the most vital art district in the country, can find a starting point of their experience. The design style connects languages and characteristics typical of the historical identity of the place, , finding in the singular geometry expressions of the artistic European period a possibile connection point with the traditions of Chinese cities, courtyard and lattices shaped around squared or rectangular forms. The interior design reflects those parallelism in a multilevel structure, created with a grid conceived using the main building’s constructions features, in order to guarantee the best amount of light and comfort for the artists, main users of the space, completing the design with a modular and componible furniture reflecting the place’s informaliy and the possibility for the artists’ to organise their own space.
Obiettivo generale del progetto di tesi è la riqualificazione dello spazio postindustriale Factory 718 nel 798 Art District di Pechino, rigenerando la presenza di spazi ed aree dedicate alla produzione artistica ed alla creatività. Il complesso di fabbriche che costituisce il 798 è parte di un grande aggregato industriale costruito negli anni 50: operativo fino agli anni 90, il 798 fu successivamente smantellato e dichiarato obsoleto, e con l’arrivare del nuovo millennio spontaneamente occupato da artisti emergenti locali, che negli spazi dal basso costo di affitto e nelle architetture dallo stile Bauhaus (il complesso fu progettato nel 1951 da architetti tedeschi) avevano trovato un luogo dove insediarsi e sviluppare la loro attività artistica. Nel 798 Art District nacque la prima vera espressione dell’arte contemporanea cinese, oggi riconosciuta a scala internazionale e famosa a livello globale. Nel 2008, dopo l’edizione dei Giochi Olimpici nella città di Pechino, il luogo divenne famoso grazie all’attenzione dei media, esponendo il fenomeno all’attenzione dei governi locali e nazionale. In un momento dove la Cina si collocava come una nuova “nazione libera”, aperta alla globalizzazione internazionale, la presenza artistica diventò il modello della nuova traiettoria, dimenticando per sempre i piani di demolizione che dal 2002 erano pronti a rimpiazzare le fabbriche del distretto con un nuovo parco tecnologico. Cresciuto come una sorta di Effetto Bilbao, l’eco del 798 Art District è oggi collocato nel panorama creativo che in Cina è demarcato da un costante sviluppo. La nazione cinese verrà proclamata “Nazione Creativa” entro il 2020. Ispirate dalle dinamiche del distretto 798, conosciuto non solo nazionalmente ma anche internazionalmente, numerosi progetti di riqualificazione urbana hanno rivitalizzato siti postindustriali con spazi creativi, musei, spazi per l’arte e centri culturali: significativi sono gli esempi di Shanghai, Chengdu e Guangzhou. In questi termini trovano giustificazione dati di mercato ed analisi che posizionano il mercato d’arte contemporanea cinese al primo posto su classifiche globali, testimoniando che la produzione artistica contemporanea nel Paese, particolarmente a Pechino, ha trovato una grande via di sviluppo ed espressione in musei, università, centri culturali e creativi. Il progetto di tesi propone la riqualificazione dell’ultimo complesso industriale preservato alle originali condizioni, attivo fino al 2010. Lo studio del layout funzionale analizza i reali requisiti amministrativi del distretto, ma altresì soddisfa le richieste in termini di spazi creativi che oggi sono esponenzialmente decresciuti a causa dell’aumento degli affitti. In primo luogo, il progetto studia i reali bisogni degli artisti in termini di spazi e strumenti per la produzione creativa, proponendo studi e laboratori per la creazione di opere, spazi per la socializzazione e lo studio e spazi per l’exhibition. Il progetto è concepito per un target vario, riservando la maggior parte dello spazio al lavoro dei creativi ed un’area più piccola per i visitatori, che nel luogo possono fare esperienza del lavoro degli artisti osservando la loro produzione. Il progetto è dedicato a giovani artisti nazionali che nel luogo potranno trovare un’ottimo punto di partenza per la loro espressione. Il progetto, nel linguaggio stilistico, connette le caratteristiche tipiche dell’identità del luogo, trovando nella singolare espressione del periodo europeo una possibile connessione con le tradizioni compositive delle città cinesi, courtyards e patterns modellati intorno alle forme geometriche di quadrati e rettangoli. L’interior design riflette questo parallelismo in una struttura a più livelli, creata attraverso una griglia concepita utilizzando le principali caratteristiche dell’edificio pre-esistente, garantendo luminosità e comfort per gli artisti, principali utenti del progetto, e completando il design con una tipologia di arredo modulare e componibile che riflette l’informalità del luogo e la possibilità per gli utenti di organizzare lo spazio secondo le loro esigenze.
Rebirthing arts' production in the 798 art district. Requalification project of the factory 718 : an art center in today's Chinese creative country
GASTOLDI, MARCO
2014/2015
Abstract
General purpose of the thesis project is the requalification of the post-industrial Factory 718 in the 798 Art District of Beijing, rebirthing artists’ spaces and facilities dedicated to the arts production and creativity. The factory complex of the 798 is part of a large cluster of industrial spaces and services built in the 50s: active until 1990s, the 798 was afterwards dismantled and declared obsolete, and with the beginning of the new millennium spontaneously occupied by emerging local artists, which in the affordable-rent and light-full architectures in Bauhaus style (the architecture was projected in 1951 by German architects), had found a place where living and producing artworks. In the 798 Art District arose the contemporary Chinese art, today internationally recognized and well-known on a global scale. In 2008, after the Olympic Games in the city of Beijing, the place had become famous thanks to the media attention exposing the phenomenon to the government’s attention. In a new era where China manifested to be a new “freedom country” opened to international globalization, the artistic presence became a model of this new trajectory, cancelling the demolition plans that from 2002 were ready to replace the factories of the district with a new technological park. Grew as a sort of Bilbao Effect, the eco of the 798 Art District is today collocated in the creative and cultural industries panorama that in China is constantly developing. The Chinese nation will be declared a “Creative Country” by the year 2020. Inspired by the dynamics of the district, notorious not only in the country but also on an international scale, many requalification urban projects replaced numerous post-industrial sites with creative spaces, museums, art spaces and cultural centres: meaningful are the examples of the cities of Shanghai, Chengdu and Guangzhou. In this terms, find justifications market’s data and surveys that places the Chinese art market at the first position in the global charts, to testify that the contemporary arts production is in the country, particularly in Beijing, finds a great development and expression in museums, universities, cultural places and centres. The thesis project proposes the requalification of the last industrial complex preserved at the original conditions, still active until 2010. The study of the functional layout analyses the real administrative requirements of the District, but, above all, satisfies the requests in terms of creative spaces that todays exponentially decreased thanks to the rising rent prices of the District’s spaces. Firstly, the project studies the real artists’ needs in terms of spaces and artistic work facilities, proposing artists’ studios and laboratories for the artworks creation, spaces for socialization and exhibition areas. The project is conceived for a various target, reserving the most part of the space to the artists and a smaller area to the visitors, which in the place can experience the artist’s work observing the artists’ productions. The project is dedicated to the young artists that in the 798 Art District, the most vital art district in the country, can find a starting point of their experience. The design style connects languages and characteristics typical of the historical identity of the place, , finding in the singular geometry expressions of the artistic European period a possibile connection point with the traditions of Chinese cities, courtyard and lattices shaped around squared or rectangular forms. The interior design reflects those parallelism in a multilevel structure, created with a grid conceived using the main building’s constructions features, in order to guarantee the best amount of light and comfort for the artists, main users of the space, completing the design with a modular and componible furniture reflecting the place’s informaliy and the possibility for the artists’ to organise their own space.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Marco Gastoldi.pdf
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Descrizione: Testo della tesi
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/112688