This dissertation is aimed to investigate the in-service behavior, as well as that at the ultimate limit state, of a reinforced-concrete slab subjected to large variable loads, as those typically transferred by a heavy truck, whose maximum load per axle is 12 t according to the Italian Highway Code. The slab in question is roughly square, with different constraints along the four sides. This study started from two in-situ tests performed on a real slab, which loaded by moving a heavy self-propelled tank, in such a way that the centroid of the two back axles was coincident with either the centroid of the slab or the mid-span point of one of the two unsupported or partially supported sides (total load transmitted by the two axes close to 22 t). The first objective was to describe via linear-elastic analysis the deflections under the loads applied during the tests, in order to check the theoretical-experimental agreement. Two approaches were used, the first based on analytical closed-form solutions or on equivalent beam systems, and the second based on the discretization through finite elements. The second objective had to do with the analysis at the ultimate limit state (i.e., at the onset of collapse) of the aforesaid slab, in conditions similar to those of the tests (to work out the failure load) or by amplifying the loads according to the Italian Design Code. The analysis at the ultimate limit state gave the opportunity to carry out a parametric analysis based on four collapse modes modelled according to the Yield line Method, assuming different steel ratios in the directions of the sides. The same approach, based on limit analysis and yield lines, was applied to the actual slab subjected to a variable rather concentrated load, as done in the two tests. In this way, the most probable – and weakest – failure mechanism was identified and the ensuing failure load was evaluated. By coupling the in-situ tests with the elastic analysis under the service loads and limit analysis at the onset of collapse, and the parametric analysis some rather interesting design-oriented conclusions were drawn.
In questo lavoro di tesi viene analizzato il comportamento in esercizio e a collasso di una piastra in calcestruzzo armato. I carichi d’esercizio sono dovuti al passaggio di autocarri con carico massimo pari a 12 t/asse. La piastra, di forma pressoché quadrata, presenta vincoli di differente tipologia, che si prestano a diverse schematizzazioni. Il lavoro prende lo spunto da due prove di carico effettuate in presenza degli assi posteriori di un autocisterna, per un carico sui due assi di circa 22 t. Il primo obiettivo è stato quello di analizzare per via elastica lineare gli abbassamenti in presenza del carico di prova, per fare dei confronti con i valori sperimentali. A tal fine sono stati usati un approccio analitico (con soluzione in forma chiusa), un sistema equivalente di travi ed un approccio numerico basato sulla discretizzazione ad elementi finiti. Il secondo obiettivo è stato quello di verificare allo stato limite ultimo la piastra, sia in condizioni simili a quelle delle due prove (per determinare il carico di collasso), sia amplificando i carichi secondo l’attuale normativa italiana. Nell’analizzare la piastra allo stato limite ultimo si è colta l’opportunità di svolgere un’analisi parametrica, in cui 4 diverse modalità di collasso sono state modellate con il metodo delle linee di plasticizzazione, al variare delle armature allineate con i lati. Lo stesso approccio - basato sulle linee di plasticizzazione - è stato applicato alla piastra soggetta ad un carico concentrato variabile, in analogia con le due prove. Tale analisi ha permesso di valutare il più probabile cinematismo di collasso ed il corrispondente carico di collasso. L’abbinamento di prove sperimentali, analisi elastica allo stato limite di esercizio e analisi a rottura hanno permesso, insieme all’indagine parametrica, di giungere a conclusioni progettuali di indubbio interesse.
Comportamento in esercizio e a collasso di una piastra in C.A. sotto carichi stradali
TORREGIANI, PIETRO LUIGI
2014/2015
Abstract
This dissertation is aimed to investigate the in-service behavior, as well as that at the ultimate limit state, of a reinforced-concrete slab subjected to large variable loads, as those typically transferred by a heavy truck, whose maximum load per axle is 12 t according to the Italian Highway Code. The slab in question is roughly square, with different constraints along the four sides. This study started from two in-situ tests performed on a real slab, which loaded by moving a heavy self-propelled tank, in such a way that the centroid of the two back axles was coincident with either the centroid of the slab or the mid-span point of one of the two unsupported or partially supported sides (total load transmitted by the two axes close to 22 t). The first objective was to describe via linear-elastic analysis the deflections under the loads applied during the tests, in order to check the theoretical-experimental agreement. Two approaches were used, the first based on analytical closed-form solutions or on equivalent beam systems, and the second based on the discretization through finite elements. The second objective had to do with the analysis at the ultimate limit state (i.e., at the onset of collapse) of the aforesaid slab, in conditions similar to those of the tests (to work out the failure load) or by amplifying the loads according to the Italian Design Code. The analysis at the ultimate limit state gave the opportunity to carry out a parametric analysis based on four collapse modes modelled according to the Yield line Method, assuming different steel ratios in the directions of the sides. The same approach, based on limit analysis and yield lines, was applied to the actual slab subjected to a variable rather concentrated load, as done in the two tests. In this way, the most probable – and weakest – failure mechanism was identified and the ensuing failure load was evaluated. By coupling the in-situ tests with the elastic analysis under the service loads and limit analysis at the onset of collapse, and the parametric analysis some rather interesting design-oriented conclusions were drawn.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/113886