Several European countries have planned to reduce traditional thermal systems by replacing them with production units based on renewable sources, such as solar and wind ones, so that the targets imposed by the governments for the penetration of green energies can be achieved. On the one hand it is positive from the environmental point of view, on the other hand it could create logistical and technical problems to the electric network. As power generated by renewable plants could be not controllable and foreseeable, energy unbalances and dispatching problems for conventional units can occur. Moreover the presence of distributed generation on low and medium voltage sides could lead to a power reversal from the distribution to the transmission networks, causing overvoltages and unwanted trips of protections. Ancillary services, such as frequency and voltage regulation, are necessary to support renewable energy integration in order to make the system reliable. A method to provide these services can be the match between plants based on renewable sources and storage systems, so that the effect of the unpredictable behaviour can be reduced controlling the output power in function of the necessities. In particular Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS), whose installations are expected to increase thanks to their versatility and good performances, offer the flexibility in capacity, location and response required to satisfy a wider range of functions than many other types of storage. The role of BESSs is analysed simulating three scenarios characterized by a different penetration of renewable sources. Simulation results show that BESSs, differently from a past situation characterized by very low installations of wind and solar power plants, turn out to be important when the percentage of renewables installed power similar to that of Italian network in 2013 is considered. Positive results are also obtained simulating a hypothetical future situation in which the total installed power is mainly constituted by plants based on unpredictable sources.
Per rispettare i traguardi imposti dai governi riguardo la penetrazione di fonti rinnovabili nei sistemi elettrici, molte nazioni europee hanno programmato la sostituzione di impianti termoelettrici con unità di produzione che utilizzano fonti alternative, come ad esempio generatori eolici e fotovoltaici. Se da un lato la presenza di questi impianti è positiva per quanto riguarda l'impatto ambientale, dall'altro potrebbe provocare problemi tecnici e logistici alle reti elettriche. Siccome la produzione da fonti rinnovabili potrebbe essere incontrollabile e imprevedibile, si potrebbero verificare squilibri tra la generazione e il carico e alcuni degli impianti termoelettrici tradizionali potrebbero presentare un funzionamento non accettabile. Inoltre la presenza di generazione distributita sui lati di media e bassa tensione potrebbe portare ad un'inversione di potenza dalla rete di distribuzione a quella di trasmissione, causando sovratensioni e interventi intempestivi delle protezioni. I servizi ancillari, come per esempio la regolazione di frequenza e di tensione, sono necessari per supportare l'integrazione delle rinnovabili nei sistemi elettrici in modo da garantirne un funzionamento affidabile. Una soluzione per fornire questi servizi è rappresentata dalla combinazione delle rinnovabili con sistemi di accumulo così da poter ridurre l'aleatorietà delle sorgenti e controllare la potenza generata in funzione delle necessità. In particolare i sistemi di accumulo elettrochimici (BESS), di cui ci si aspetta una futura crescita grazie alla loro versatilit à e alle buone prestazioni, sono più adatti di altre tecnologie in termini di posizionamento, risposta e flessibilità della capacità. Il ruolo dei BESS è analizzato simulando tre scenari caratterizzati da una penetrazione di fonti rinnovabili molto diversa. I risultati confermano che gli accumuli elettrochimici, a differenza di una situazione passata contraddistinta da un basso contributo da impianti eolici e fotovoltaici, risultano essere importanti quando viene considerata una penetrazione di energie alternative nella stessa percentuale di quella italiana nel 2013. Si sono ottenuti risultati positivi anche simulando un'ipotetica situazione futura in cui la totale potenza installata è costituita principalmente da impianti basati su fonti rinnovabili.
BESS used to support renewables integration through the provision of ancillary services
AMODIO, MICHELE;POLENGHI, MARCO
2014/2015
Abstract
Several European countries have planned to reduce traditional thermal systems by replacing them with production units based on renewable sources, such as solar and wind ones, so that the targets imposed by the governments for the penetration of green energies can be achieved. On the one hand it is positive from the environmental point of view, on the other hand it could create logistical and technical problems to the electric network. As power generated by renewable plants could be not controllable and foreseeable, energy unbalances and dispatching problems for conventional units can occur. Moreover the presence of distributed generation on low and medium voltage sides could lead to a power reversal from the distribution to the transmission networks, causing overvoltages and unwanted trips of protections. Ancillary services, such as frequency and voltage regulation, are necessary to support renewable energy integration in order to make the system reliable. A method to provide these services can be the match between plants based on renewable sources and storage systems, so that the effect of the unpredictable behaviour can be reduced controlling the output power in function of the necessities. In particular Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS), whose installations are expected to increase thanks to their versatility and good performances, offer the flexibility in capacity, location and response required to satisfy a wider range of functions than many other types of storage. The role of BESSs is analysed simulating three scenarios characterized by a different penetration of renewable sources. Simulation results show that BESSs, differently from a past situation characterized by very low installations of wind and solar power plants, turn out to be important when the percentage of renewables installed power similar to that of Italian network in 2013 is considered. Positive results are also obtained simulating a hypothetical future situation in which the total installed power is mainly constituted by plants based on unpredictable sources.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2015_12_Amodio_Polenghi.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/115194