The aim of this work is to develop and implement a solid and robust algorithm for Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) able to detect harmonics' phasors also under dynamical conditions. PMUs are already used in High Voltage Transmission Systems in order to provide synchronized phasor measurements at the fundamental frequency. Thus, up to now, they are mainly used to perform a state estimation of the electric power systems at the HV level, and are not employed at the lower voltage levels, mainly due to their cost. Nowadays, the increasing availability of accurate time synchronization (based on the Global Positioning System (GPS) or on the Internet) and the sampled data processing techniques developed for computer relaying applications have made this technology cheaper. A cheaper technology would be accessible for more distributed installations, not only in HV systems but also on Medium Voltage systems and, in future, on Low Voltage systems. In this work, an innovative algorithm is presented, a modified version of the Taylor Fourier Transform (TFT) proposed in the literature, also able to identify harmonics in a more efficient way. The need for an algorithm able to identify harmonics is mainly due to the spread of distributed generation and the deregulation process in the electricity market, since legal issues, other than technical ones, will be involved related to Power Quality. Being able to measure the harmonics phasors will allow the distributor to identify the sources injecting disturbances. Finally, an innovative solution to overcome the FT's main drawback, i.e. the measurements errors under asynchronous sampling conditions, is implemented.
Lo scopo di questo lavoro è di sviluppare un algoritmo per Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) capace, anche in condizioni dinamiche, di rilevare i fasori delle armoniche presenti in un segnale. Le PMU, ad oggi, sono utilizzate nei sistemi di trasmissione in AT per fare una stima dello stato del sistema elettrico. Fino ad ora, infatti, il loro costo era tale da limitarne l’utilizzo alle sole reti AT. In questi ultimi anni, però, i progressi tecnologici fatti e la crescente disponibilità di protocolli di sincronizzazione sempre più accurati ed economici (sia tramite GPS sia tramite Internet) hanno comportato una riduzione del costo delle PMU. Un costo ridotto permette nuove possibili applicazioni delle PMU, come, ad esempio, un’installazione più distribuita su reti MT e, in futuro, su reti BT. In questo lavoro è proposto un nuovo algoritmo per PMU, basato su una versione modificata della trasformata di Taylor-Fourier presente in letteratura, capace di identificare le armoniche in maniera più efficiente. Il bisogno di un algoritmo capace di identificare le armoniche è principalmente dovuto alla diffusione della generazione distribuita e alla liberalizzazione del mercato elettrico, dal momento che questioni legali, oltre che tecniche, saranno legate alla qualità dell’energia. Da una corretta misura dei sincrofasori armonici, infatti, il distributore è in grado di identificare le sorgenti che stanno iniettando disturbi in rete. Infine, è presentata una soluzione innovativa per superare il problema, particolarmente critico per la trasformata di Fourier, del fuori sincronismo.
A new algorithm to improve PMU accuracy
CARBONI, ALBERTO
2014/2015
Abstract
The aim of this work is to develop and implement a solid and robust algorithm for Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) able to detect harmonics' phasors also under dynamical conditions. PMUs are already used in High Voltage Transmission Systems in order to provide synchronized phasor measurements at the fundamental frequency. Thus, up to now, they are mainly used to perform a state estimation of the electric power systems at the HV level, and are not employed at the lower voltage levels, mainly due to their cost. Nowadays, the increasing availability of accurate time synchronization (based on the Global Positioning System (GPS) or on the Internet) and the sampled data processing techniques developed for computer relaying applications have made this technology cheaper. A cheaper technology would be accessible for more distributed installations, not only in HV systems but also on Medium Voltage systems and, in future, on Low Voltage systems. In this work, an innovative algorithm is presented, a modified version of the Taylor Fourier Transform (TFT) proposed in the literature, also able to identify harmonics in a more efficient way. The need for an algorithm able to identify harmonics is mainly due to the spread of distributed generation and the deregulation process in the electricity market, since legal issues, other than technical ones, will be involved related to Power Quality. Being able to measure the harmonics phasors will allow the distributor to identify the sources injecting disturbances. Finally, an innovative solution to overcome the FT's main drawback, i.e. the measurements errors under asynchronous sampling conditions, is implemented.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/115208