sewers, among other city infrastructures, are of major importance because of their role in public health and the adjacent environment pollution condition. It is well-known that they are not just a conveyance system for urban sanitary and stormwater, but they also chemical and biological reactors where organic substances as well as non-organic ones transform considerably inside. To understand better the kind and extent of the pollution transformation within these systems, it is necessary to recognize and to classify the different substance flowing in sewers. It is also important to know the characteristics of the network under study: is it a combined or a separate system? Is it a fully-gravity systems or pumping stations are installed in some parts? Which redox condition dominating in each part of the network? And etc. Considering the importance of sewers, different benefits can be achieved by re-designing some parts of the network. Through innovative use of sewer networks and of the treatment system one of the probable benefit may be to recycle part of the nutrients removed by harvest in agricultural soil, food safety, lower treatment costs and reduction of pollution in surface and underground water. Nutrient recovery is very important for food safety: primary sources are lacking and limited availability might curb agricultural production. To allow agricultural use of sludge to recover nutrients, wastewater carried by the sewer network must not contain concentrations of elements that might be potentially harmful to health (heavy metals, harmful, toxic, cancerogenic or mutagenic compounds and endocrine disruptors) especially if they are bioaccumulative and persistent. In this study the west part of sewer network of the city of Milan has been studied. In order to come up with the results of the degradation of domestic organic matter in the network, the hydrodynamic model of the system should be coupled with its quality one. A well-calibrated hydrodynamic model is the main requisite of the research; hence the hydraulic results were compared with the measured data and a proper calibration obtained. The quality model was made assuming the standard values of per capita production of BOD, considering the different processes occurred in aerobic condition and was later calibrated against the real data where results showed proper fit. The project is planned to a future experimental campaign and in order to ensure the overall system operation, drain points will be detected and monitored, especially in production sites, and pre-treatment processes will be analysed. Hence sensitivity analysis of the organic matter fractions was necessary to do in order to estimate the importance and effect of each parameter. The non-organic substances which study trough this research were some macropollutants including hydrocarbons, surfactants and heavy metals, usually discharging from particular industrial sites. To achieve this goal a list of the industries in the network and their probable pollution and concentrations were studied. It is necessary in future to install a monitoring system for measurement of accidental discharge of pollutants from industrial activities and real time protection of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) by avoiding dangerous discharges entering the sewers. Heavy metals, surfactants and hydrocarbons have different behavior from biodegradable domestic sewage and can be modeled as conservative matter conveyed by advection and dispersion. To summarize, this research will verify different types of operation of the sewer network through hydraulic modelling, monitoring and assessing the impacts of the different wastewater types in terms of quantity and quality. Some mathematical models were built and developed to simulate the different kinds of urban wastewater pollution. This study will estimate environmental benefits and both methodology and modeling techniques can be extended to other cities in Italy and Europe.
fogne, tra le altre infrastrutture della città, sono di grande importanza per il loro ruolo nella salute pubblica e la condizione di inquinamento ambientale adiacente. E 'ben noto che essi non sono solo un sistema di trasporto per impianti sanitari urbana e delle acque piovane, ma hanno anche reattori chimici e biologici in cui le sostanze organiche, oltre a quelli non biologici trasformare considerevolmente all'interno. Per meglio comprendere il tipo e la portata della trasformazione inquinamento all'interno di questi sistemi, è necessario riconoscere e classificare le diverse sostanze che scorre nelle fogne. E 'anche importante conoscere le caratteristiche della rete in esame: è un combinato o un sistema separato? Si tratta di un completo gravità sistemi o stazioni di pompaggio sono installati in alcune parti? Quali redox condizione dominante in ogni parte della rete? E ecc Considerando l'importanza di fogne, diversi benefici possono essere ottenuti riprogettando alcune parti della rete. Attraverso l'uso innovativo di reti fognarie e del sistema di trattamento tra i probabili benefici possono essere di riciclare parte dei nutrienti rimossi dal raccolto in suolo agricolo, la sicurezza alimentare, i costi di trattamento più bassi e la riduzione dell'inquinamento in acque superficiali e sotterranee. Recupero di nutrienti è molto importante per la sicurezza alimentare: le fonti primarie sono carenti e la limitata disponibilità potrebbe limitare la produzione agricola. Per consentire l'uso agricolo dei fanghi di recuperare le sostanze nutritive, acque reflue realizzato dalla rete fognaria non deve contenere le concentrazioni di elementi che potrebbero essere potenzialmente dannosi per la salute (metalli pesanti, nocivi, tossici, cancerogeni o composti mutageni e perturbatori endocrini), soprattutto se sono bioaccumulabili e persistente. In questo studio la parte ovest della rete fognaria della città di Milano è stato studiato. Al fine di elaborare i risultati della degradazione della sostanza organica nella rete domestica, il modello idrodinamico del sistema deve essere accoppiato con la sua sola qualità. Un modello idrodinamico ben calibrato è il requisito principale della ricerca; quindi i risultati idraulici sono stati confrontati con i dati misurati ed un appropriato calibrazione ottenuta. Il modello di qualità è stato fatto assumendo i valori standard di produzione pro capite di BOD, considerando i diversi processi avvenuti in condizione aerobica ed è stato poi calibrato contro i dati reali in cui i risultati hanno mostrato la misura adeguata. Il progetto è previsto per un futuro campagna sperimentale e al fine di garantire il funzionamento complessivo del sistema, drenare punti saranno rilevati e monitorati, soprattutto in siti di produzione, e verrà analizzata processi di pretrattamento. Analisi qui sensibilità delle frazioni sostanza organica era necessario fare per valutare l'importanza e l'effetto di ciascun parametro. Le sostanze non organiche che studiano Trough questa ricerca sono stati alcuni macroinquinanti compresi gli idrocarburi, tensioattivi e metalli pesanti, di solito lo scarico da particolari siti industriali. Per raggiungere questo obiettivo un elenco delle industrie in rete e loro probabile inquinamento e concentrazioni sono state studiate. E 'necessario, in futuro, di installare un sistema di monitoraggio per la misurazione di emissione accidentale di sostanze inquinanti provenienti da attività industriali e protezione in tempo reale dell'impianto di trattamento delle acque reflue (WWTP), evitando scariche pericolose che entrano nelle fogne. Metalli pesanti, tensioattivi e idrocarburi hanno un comportamento diverso da scarichi domestici biodegradabili e possono essere modellati come materia conservatore trasmessa da avvezione e dispersione. Per riassumere, la ricerca verificherà diversi tipi di funzionamento della rete fognaria attraverso la modellazione idraulica, il monitoraggio e la valutazione degli impatti delle diverse tipologie di acque reflue in termini di quantità e qualità. Alcuni modelli matematici sono stati costruiti e sviluppati per simulare le diverse tipologie di inquinamento delle acque reflue urbane. Questo studio stimare i benefici ambientali ed entrambe le tecniche metodologia e di modellazione può essere esteso ad altre città in Italia e in Europa.
Pollution transformations in sewer systems: case study of the city of Milan
SHAHVI, SHERVIN
Abstract
sewers, among other city infrastructures, are of major importance because of their role in public health and the adjacent environment pollution condition. It is well-known that they are not just a conveyance system for urban sanitary and stormwater, but they also chemical and biological reactors where organic substances as well as non-organic ones transform considerably inside. To understand better the kind and extent of the pollution transformation within these systems, it is necessary to recognize and to classify the different substance flowing in sewers. It is also important to know the characteristics of the network under study: is it a combined or a separate system? Is it a fully-gravity systems or pumping stations are installed in some parts? Which redox condition dominating in each part of the network? And etc. Considering the importance of sewers, different benefits can be achieved by re-designing some parts of the network. Through innovative use of sewer networks and of the treatment system one of the probable benefit may be to recycle part of the nutrients removed by harvest in agricultural soil, food safety, lower treatment costs and reduction of pollution in surface and underground water. Nutrient recovery is very important for food safety: primary sources are lacking and limited availability might curb agricultural production. To allow agricultural use of sludge to recover nutrients, wastewater carried by the sewer network must not contain concentrations of elements that might be potentially harmful to health (heavy metals, harmful, toxic, cancerogenic or mutagenic compounds and endocrine disruptors) especially if they are bioaccumulative and persistent. In this study the west part of sewer network of the city of Milan has been studied. In order to come up with the results of the degradation of domestic organic matter in the network, the hydrodynamic model of the system should be coupled with its quality one. A well-calibrated hydrodynamic model is the main requisite of the research; hence the hydraulic results were compared with the measured data and a proper calibration obtained. The quality model was made assuming the standard values of per capita production of BOD, considering the different processes occurred in aerobic condition and was later calibrated against the real data where results showed proper fit. The project is planned to a future experimental campaign and in order to ensure the overall system operation, drain points will be detected and monitored, especially in production sites, and pre-treatment processes will be analysed. Hence sensitivity analysis of the organic matter fractions was necessary to do in order to estimate the importance and effect of each parameter. The non-organic substances which study trough this research were some macropollutants including hydrocarbons, surfactants and heavy metals, usually discharging from particular industrial sites. To achieve this goal a list of the industries in the network and their probable pollution and concentrations were studied. It is necessary in future to install a monitoring system for measurement of accidental discharge of pollutants from industrial activities and real time protection of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) by avoiding dangerous discharges entering the sewers. Heavy metals, surfactants and hydrocarbons have different behavior from biodegradable domestic sewage and can be modeled as conservative matter conveyed by advection and dispersion. To summarize, this research will verify different types of operation of the sewer network through hydraulic modelling, monitoring and assessing the impacts of the different wastewater types in terms of quantity and quality. Some mathematical models were built and developed to simulate the different kinds of urban wastewater pollution. This study will estimate environmental benefits and both methodology and modeling techniques can be extended to other cities in Italy and Europe.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
Ph.D. Thesis- Shervin Shahvi.pdf
non accessibile
Descrizione: Ph.D. Thesis
Dimensione
3.09 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
3.09 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in POLITesi sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/10589/115531