The design of "learning architectures" deals not only with specialistic and multidisciplinary issues, but also more generally with the conception of the younger generations’ education. These crucial issues of the civilian life are related to the condition in which specific educational guidelines are designed and implemented, aiming at building the common cultural values that individuals can share with their own community. Places of community for excellence, school buildings accommodate history, present and the project for the future of the community to which they belong. At the same time, they also become the laboratory in which the memory and the common knowledge that contribute to build the identity of a nation are designed and transmitted. Leaving in the background the entire national process that took place during the Twentieth Century, with several experiments on school buildings and parallel studies for the definition of models and educational theories, this research explores three experiences in Sicily in order to grasp their singularity, their driving force and their fertility. The research focusses on the two architectural complexes for education promoted by the sociologist and educator Danilo Dolci in Sicily, the village of Borgo di Dio and the Educational Center of Mirto, located in the province of Palermo in the territories of Trappeto and Partinico. It also analyses the parallel and coeval Village of Monte degli Ulivi, located in Riesi, sponsored by the Waldensian Pastor Tullio Vinay and designed by the architect Leonardo Ricci. The research clearly shows the utopian dimension of the three Sicilian educational experiences developed between the fifties and seventies of the Twentieth Century. This decisive experiment has caught national and international attention, also in a controversial manner. It shows the process leading to the definition of an educational method which included the participation of the lower social classes, characterised by their great poverty and their precarious life. The promoters who supported this process were convinced that a dynamic social life, together with school education, were key for the communitarian life of the population, understood as the primary political body of the nation. The case studies that I have investigated show experiments of communitarian life with their own specificities, implemented from the education of the primary schools, based in marginal and rural situations that could be found all over Italy at that time, not only in the southern regions. The main specificity of Borgo di Dio, Mirto and Monte degli Ulivi is related to the methods for the inclusive involvement of the populations sought by their promoters and the participatory process that involve the local communities, making them an active subject in the definition of an architectural as well as of an educational project. These Sicilian places are the result of a process that aimed to renew society through the construction of new forms of community capable of expressing both modernity and respect for contextual values. They are built to educate new communities, based on the principles of active education, as well as outdoor education understood as a tool to promote contextual values through forms of exploration and knowledge based on a direct and continuous relationship with reality. Borgo di Dio, Mirto and Monte degli Ulivi are places that tell stories of utopias and of impulses for change. In spite of their peripheral location, they document specific architectural solutions developed in a region that has been able to dialogue and engage with other cultures and to bring its contribution to a wider debate of international concern. All this has given shape to buildings in which local and global coexist and reconcile; where traditional building techniques and forms of modernization of manufacturing processes can meet, and in which there is an attempt to found the relationship between architecture and nature in the great utopia to build a community for finally freed men.
Il progetto delle architetture per l’educazione affronta problemi non solo specialistici e multidisciplinari ma che afferiscono altresì a una più generale concezione della formazione delle giovani generazioni di una nazione. Si tratta di questioni centrali della vita civile poiché sono condizione in cui si propongono e attuano peculiari orientamenti educativi, in vista del costituirsi di valori culturali comuni, consapevolmente assunti dal singolo e condivisi con la comunità di appartenenza. Luoghi della collettività per eccellenza, gli edifici scolastici accolgono la storia, il presente e il progetto di futuro della comunità cui appartengono diventando, al contempo, laboratorio in cui si elabora e si trasmette quella memoria e quel sapere comune che contribuisce a costruire l’identità di un popolo. Questa tesi, tenendo sullo sfondo l’intero processo nazionale, che, nel corso del Novecento, ha riguardato sperimentazioni sugli edifici scolastici e paralleli processi di definizione di modelli e teorie pedagogiche, esplora tre esperienze realizzate in Sicilia per coglierne singolarità, fecondità e forza propulsiva. La ricerca riguarda, in particolare, i due complessi architettonici per l’educazione promossi dal sociologo ed educatore Danilo Dolci in Sicilia, il Borgo di Dio e il Centro Educativo di Mirto, rispettivamente localizzati in provincia di Palermo nei territori di Trappeto e Partinico, e il parallelo e coevo Villaggio di Monte degli Ulivi, localizzato a Riesi, nell’entroterra siciliano, promosso dal pastore valdese Tullio Vinay e progettato dall’architetto Leonardo Ricci. Dalla ricerca emerge evidente la carica utopica delle tre esperienze educative siciliane sviluppate tra gli anni Cinquanta e Settanta del Novecento, in una vivace sperimentazione che attrasse, tra polemiche, l'attenzione nazionale e internazionale. Vi si osservava la messa a punto di un metodo educativo che comprendeva la partecipazione dal basso dell’intero contesto sociale coinvolto, in una situazione di eccezionale indigenza e precarietà di vita, ben sostenuta dalla convinzione dei suoi promotori dell’importanza del perseguimento di una socializzazione piena, concomitante con l’educazione scolastica, per la concreta vita comunitaria della popolazione intesa come primario soggetto politico della nazione. Nei casi di studio indagati emergono, con proprie specificità, sperimentazioni di vita comunitaria attuate a partire dall’educazione delle fasce scolari primarie, in situazioni rurali marginali allora largamente diffuse Italia, non solo nelle regioni del sud. Le principali specificità di Borgo di Dio, Mirto e Monte degli Ulivi riguardano le modalità di coinvolgimento inclusivo ricercato dai loro promotori e il processo partecipativo che, sin dalla loro fase ideativa, ha interessato le comunità di riferimento rendendole soggetto attivo e compartecipe nella definizione di un progetto che è, al tempo stesso, architettonico ed educativo. Frutto di un percorso che puntava al rinnovamento della società e alla costruzione di forme di comunità capaci di esprimere, al tempo stesso, modernità e rispetto dei valori contestuali, questi luoghi siciliani creati per educare nuove comunità si sono rifatti ai principi dell’educazione attiva e a quel pensiero che vedeva nell’educazione all’aperto lo strumento per vivificare i valori contestuali attivando forme di esplorazione e conoscenza basate su un rapporto diretto ed continuo con la realtà. Borgo di Dio, Mirto e Monte degli Ulivi sono luoghi che raccontano storie di utopie e slanci al cambiamento, documento materiale di specifiche soluzioni architettoniche sviluppate in un luogo solo apparentemente periferico che ha saputo e voluto dialogare e confrontarsi con altre culture e con un più ampio dibattito di portata internazionale. Tutto questo ha dato forma a edifici in cui si contempera e coesiste la dimensione locale e quella globale; in cui si incontrano tecniche costruttive tradizionali e forme di modernizzazione dei processi costruttivi, in cui si prova a fondere il rapporto tra architettura e natura nella grande utopia di costruire una comunità per uomini finalmente liberati.
Tra Realtà e Utopia. Le esperienze siciliane di Borgo di Dio, Mirto e Monte degli Ulivi nel quadro delle sperimentazioni scolastiche italiane del Novecento
PIERRO, LUCIA
Abstract
The design of "learning architectures" deals not only with specialistic and multidisciplinary issues, but also more generally with the conception of the younger generations’ education. These crucial issues of the civilian life are related to the condition in which specific educational guidelines are designed and implemented, aiming at building the common cultural values that individuals can share with their own community. Places of community for excellence, school buildings accommodate history, present and the project for the future of the community to which they belong. At the same time, they also become the laboratory in which the memory and the common knowledge that contribute to build the identity of a nation are designed and transmitted. Leaving in the background the entire national process that took place during the Twentieth Century, with several experiments on school buildings and parallel studies for the definition of models and educational theories, this research explores three experiences in Sicily in order to grasp their singularity, their driving force and their fertility. The research focusses on the two architectural complexes for education promoted by the sociologist and educator Danilo Dolci in Sicily, the village of Borgo di Dio and the Educational Center of Mirto, located in the province of Palermo in the territories of Trappeto and Partinico. It also analyses the parallel and coeval Village of Monte degli Ulivi, located in Riesi, sponsored by the Waldensian Pastor Tullio Vinay and designed by the architect Leonardo Ricci. The research clearly shows the utopian dimension of the three Sicilian educational experiences developed between the fifties and seventies of the Twentieth Century. This decisive experiment has caught national and international attention, also in a controversial manner. It shows the process leading to the definition of an educational method which included the participation of the lower social classes, characterised by their great poverty and their precarious life. The promoters who supported this process were convinced that a dynamic social life, together with school education, were key for the communitarian life of the population, understood as the primary political body of the nation. The case studies that I have investigated show experiments of communitarian life with their own specificities, implemented from the education of the primary schools, based in marginal and rural situations that could be found all over Italy at that time, not only in the southern regions. The main specificity of Borgo di Dio, Mirto and Monte degli Ulivi is related to the methods for the inclusive involvement of the populations sought by their promoters and the participatory process that involve the local communities, making them an active subject in the definition of an architectural as well as of an educational project. These Sicilian places are the result of a process that aimed to renew society through the construction of new forms of community capable of expressing both modernity and respect for contextual values. They are built to educate new communities, based on the principles of active education, as well as outdoor education understood as a tool to promote contextual values through forms of exploration and knowledge based on a direct and continuous relationship with reality. Borgo di Dio, Mirto and Monte degli Ulivi are places that tell stories of utopias and of impulses for change. In spite of their peripheral location, they document specific architectural solutions developed in a region that has been able to dialogue and engage with other cultures and to bring its contribution to a wider debate of international concern. All this has given shape to buildings in which local and global coexist and reconcile; where traditional building techniques and forms of modernization of manufacturing processes can meet, and in which there is an attempt to found the relationship between architecture and nature in the great utopia to build a community for finally freed men.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
2016_02_PhD_Pierro.pdf
non accessibile
Descrizione: Tesi: Testo e Tavole
Dimensione
80.84 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
80.84 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in POLITesi sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/10589/116485