Sui processi di manutenzione del costruito tutelato. Convenienze economiche, sviluppi occupazionali e altre esternalità positive

The purpose of this research is proving, through a scientific validation, that the maintenance activity on the cultural patrimony under certain conditions is the most profitable strategy compared to other invasive conservation operations (like restoration). For the purpose of this research the economic benefit has been restricted to one of the following definitions: “Cost saving”, meaning the benefit deriving from a saving in costs following maintenance or restoration activities on certain assets; “Maximization of the economic value” of an asset, meaning preserving the market value; “Positive implications on the collectivity”, meaning each effect affecting employment, GDP growth, startup of new enterprises, new professional activities. The second relevant aspect lays on the beneficiary of the economic benefit which the conservation activity has been placed for (Public owner and Private individual). By moving from the aforementioned general concepts, this work aims at comparing the maintenance activity to the restoration activity in a matrix whereby the Public/Private subjects and the economic payoffs are matched. Main conclusions of this discussion are that under certain circumstances the maintenance is proven to be more profitable than restoration. These observations are valid in case of buildings fulfilling two conditions: (i) they are in-use, and (ii) they are well conserved. The methodological approach underlying this research differs with respect to the several definitions of economic benefit that are considered from time to time.

La ricerca tenta di dimostrare, con taglio interdisciplinare, la convenienza economica delle pratiche di manutenzione preventiva e programmata sul costruito tutelato. La tesi ha definito, in fase preliminare, il concetto di convenienza economica e ha analizzato il punto di vista dell’osservatore, ovvero di colui che compie l’indagine e la stima dei vantaggi. Utilizzando differenti approcci metodologici, quindi, è stata dimostrata la convenienza economica della manutenzione considerando tale pratica come “risparmio dei costi di esecuzione” rispetto ad altre attività di conservazione del bene (restauro); come azione capace di mantenere, nel tempo, il valore economico del manufatto architettonico; come attività capace di generare un impatto socio-economico sul territorio (aumento del PIL, crescita di nuove imprese e/o di nuove professionalità, sviluppo occupazionale).