This thesis examines the best arrangement, from a techno-economic point of view, of solar tower power plants with external receiver using molten salt, that represent the most promising technology in the field of concentrating solar plants. To reach this goal the Levelized cost of electricity has been chosen as indicator, due to the fact that it involves all the necessary information needed to carry out this kind of analysis. Four sources of plant costs have been studied. Then a Matlab + Delsol computational model was created in order to assess the energetic and economic performances of three of the sources, for the SAM one, it has been used the homonymous software. This code has been validated both by literature data and by System Advisor Model results. In the first case Energy values are 109.43 GWh vs 110 GWh, in the second one 94.3 GWh vs 93.4. The model annual efficiencies, compared with Sam ones, are: 55.1% vs 56.8% for the optical, 89.5% vs 88.1% as concerns the thermal and 15.95% vs 15.8% for the overall. The LCOE values for the Gemasolar case of study are consistent with the ones found in literature. Many parametric analysis have been done in order to minimize the Levelized cost of electricity. The Spanish plant is optimized as concerns the one variable study, on the other hand improvements could still be made thanks to variations of the heliostat and receiver dimensions without keeping constant the aspect-ratio. Configurations with different heliostat fields have been also tested, that have permitted to state that the heliostat and the receiver are the most influent parameters as concerns LCOE reduction. The best results with reference to EPFL and SAM to the Gemasolar mirror filed and plant characteristic, are the ones with the heliostat dimensions 14m x 9m, with LCOE values respectively of 184.96 €/MWh and 201.87 €/MWh, which lead to reduction of 3% and 5%. Regarding SL and Sunlab the arrangement of the plant with the minimum cost of electricity is the one with the solar field and the tower height optimized by SAM and with receiver dimensions of 10m x 11m, with LCOE values of 176.74 €/MWh and 193.31 €/MWh, which lead to a LCOE reduction respectively of 4% and 6%. It has been pointed out the relevance of the completeness of the cost source, then also that in case of plant field constraints is economically affordable to reduce the reflecting area of the mirrors of about 20% with appropriate power blocks and receiver dimensions. Finally the thermal model developed by Politecnico di Milano has demonstrated how is important the accuracy in the calculation of the thermal efficiency for the valuation of the LCOE.
Nel presente lavoro di tesi si è voluto individuare il miglior assetto dal punto di vista tecnico ed economico di determinate centrali solari a torre con ricevitore esterno a sali fusi, che rappresentano la tecnologia più promittente tra quelle del solare termodinamico a concentrazione. Per raggiungere questo obiettivo si è scelto come indicatore il Levelized cost of electricity, che racchiude tutte le informazioni necessarie per effettuare tale tipo di analisi. Si sono innanzitutto individuate quattro fonti di costo. Si è poi creato un modello integrato (Matlab + Delsol) per il calcolo delle performance energetiche ed economiche per le fonti introdotte precedentemente, tranne quella del System Advisor Model. Tale codice è stato validato prima con i dati presenti in letteratura e poi con il SAM, con valori di energia elettrica di 109.43 GWh vs 110 GWh nel primo caso e 94.3 GWh vs 93.4 nel secondo caso. I rendimenti annuali del modello confrontati con quelli del SAM sono rispettivamente pari a 55.1% vs 56.8% per l’ottico, 89.5% vs 88.1% per il termico e 15.95% vs 15.8% per il globale. I LCOE per l’impianto caso di studio, Gemasolar, risultano essere coerenti con quelli presenti in letteratura. Nell’ottica di minimizzare il costo dell’energia prodotta si sono svolte diverse analisi parametriche. La centrale spagnola risulta essere ottimizzata per lo studio ad una variabile, mentre sono presenti dei margini di miglioramento con la variazione delle dimensioni dell’eliostato e del ricevitore senza mantenere l’aspect-ratio costante. Sono state testate anche configurazioni con diversi campi di specchi, che hanno permesso di affermare che i componenti che incidono maggiormente sul costo dell’energia sono l’eliostato e il ricevitore. I casi con il minor LCOE corrispondono per EPFL e SAM al campo di eliostati e alle caratteristiche di Gemasolar con le dimensioni dello specchio 14m x 9m, a cui corrispondono valori di costo dell’energia rispettivamente pari a 184.96 €/MWh e 201.87 €/MWh e riduzioni del 3% e 5%. Per SL e Sunlab l’ottimo è costituito dall’impianto ottimizzato dal SAM con un ricevitore 10m x 11m, con valori di costo dell’energia rispettivamente pari a 176.74 €/MWh e 193.31 €/MWh, e riduzioni del 4% e 5%. Si è quindi evidenziata l’importanza dell’accuratezza della fonte di costo e come, in caso di limiti sul terreno utilizzabile sia economicamente conveniente ridurre l’area riflettente all’80% di quella originale con adeguati power block e dimensioni del ricevitore. Il modello termico del Politecnico di Milano ha infine evidenziato come l’accuratezza nel calcolo del rendimento termico non sia trascurabile per la stima del LCOE.
Ottimizzazione tecno-economica di centrali solari a torre con ricevitore esterno a sali fusi
TESTORI, DANIELE
2014/2015
Abstract
This thesis examines the best arrangement, from a techno-economic point of view, of solar tower power plants with external receiver using molten salt, that represent the most promising technology in the field of concentrating solar plants. To reach this goal the Levelized cost of electricity has been chosen as indicator, due to the fact that it involves all the necessary information needed to carry out this kind of analysis. Four sources of plant costs have been studied. Then a Matlab + Delsol computational model was created in order to assess the energetic and economic performances of three of the sources, for the SAM one, it has been used the homonymous software. This code has been validated both by literature data and by System Advisor Model results. In the first case Energy values are 109.43 GWh vs 110 GWh, in the second one 94.3 GWh vs 93.4. The model annual efficiencies, compared with Sam ones, are: 55.1% vs 56.8% for the optical, 89.5% vs 88.1% as concerns the thermal and 15.95% vs 15.8% for the overall. The LCOE values for the Gemasolar case of study are consistent with the ones found in literature. Many parametric analysis have been done in order to minimize the Levelized cost of electricity. The Spanish plant is optimized as concerns the one variable study, on the other hand improvements could still be made thanks to variations of the heliostat and receiver dimensions without keeping constant the aspect-ratio. Configurations with different heliostat fields have been also tested, that have permitted to state that the heliostat and the receiver are the most influent parameters as concerns LCOE reduction. The best results with reference to EPFL and SAM to the Gemasolar mirror filed and plant characteristic, are the ones with the heliostat dimensions 14m x 9m, with LCOE values respectively of 184.96 €/MWh and 201.87 €/MWh, which lead to reduction of 3% and 5%. Regarding SL and Sunlab the arrangement of the plant with the minimum cost of electricity is the one with the solar field and the tower height optimized by SAM and with receiver dimensions of 10m x 11m, with LCOE values of 176.74 €/MWh and 193.31 €/MWh, which lead to a LCOE reduction respectively of 4% and 6%. It has been pointed out the relevance of the completeness of the cost source, then also that in case of plant field constraints is economically affordable to reduce the reflecting area of the mirrors of about 20% with appropriate power blocks and receiver dimensions. Finally the thermal model developed by Politecnico di Milano has demonstrated how is important the accuracy in the calculation of the thermal efficiency for the valuation of the LCOE.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Descrizione: Ottimizzazione tecno-economica di centrali solari a torre con ricevitore esterno a sali fusi
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/117122