Accessibility to public transport systems is a key factor for the social inclusion and quality of life of people with disabilities. This thesis, focused on water-based public transit, aims at answering to the following research questions: are current systems accessible for everyone? How can their accessibility be improved? The thesis moves from the consideration that the world population is ageing at an unprecedented rate, and in a pervasive and enduring way. In most of the developed Countries, this spectacular achievement is matched with a fertility rate below the replacement level. The coupling of these trends is resulting in a fast rise of the elderly population. Moreover, age is often related to functional changes that result in some forms of disability: the huge change of the population structure is further blending the already vague bond between “disability” and “non disability”. The sum of these tendencies is having a deep impact in many fields, such as economic growth and healthcare policies; indeed, it has important consequences also in design theory and practice; the design of marine public transport should be adapted to the change. The topic of accessibility – the quality of designs or services of being accessed and used by everyone – has traditionally been considered an issue concerning a restricted target, the disabled persons. The problem was usually faced ex post, with special, “dedicated” modifications to an already designed product or environment originally conceived for “standard” users. An example of this approach is offered by step lifts on the side of a flight of stairs, or lifting platforms to get in a bus. These segregating solutions can often be avoided if the needs of vulnerable users are considered at the beginning of the design process. Today, the Italian Institute for Statistics (ISTAT) says that in the Country one in five persons is more than 65 years old, and one in eighteen persons is more than 80 years old. The approach of dedicated solutions is not suitable any more: impaired persons can not be considered a minority any longer and – even more important – segregating solutions are not considered acceptable by the users. Consolidated design approaches such as Design for All, Universal Design or User-Centred Design all demonstrated that the improvement of accessibility for vulnerable users results in an improved service for everyone. The answer to the research question comes in form of a guide for the improvement of accessibility of ferry transportation services for all passengers, including vulnerable users – people with temporary or permanent disabilities, pregnant women, elderly people, and children.
L’accessibilità ai sistemi di trasporto pubblico è un fattore chiave per l’inclusione sociale e la qualità della vita delle persone con disabilità. Questa tesi, il cui oggetto specifico è il trasporto pubblico su acqua, mira a rispondere alle seguenti domande di ricerca: gli attuali servizi sono accessibili per tutti? Come se ne può migliorare l’accessibilità? La tesi parte dalla premessa che la popolazione mondiale sta invecchiando a un tasso senza precedenti, in modo pervasivo e permanente. Nei Paesi più sviluppati, questa spettacolare conquista si coniuga con un tasso di fertilità al disotto del tasso di ricambio. La combinazione di queste due tendenze ha come risultato un deciso aumento della popolazione anziana. Inoltre, spesso l’età avanzata è collegata a cambiamenti funzionali che possono risultare in qualche forma di disabilità: il grande cambiamento della struttura della popolazione sta ulteriormente sfumando il già vago confine tra “disabilità” e “non disabilità”. Oggi, l’ISTAT dice che nel nostro Paese una persona su cinque ha più di 65 anni, e una persona su diciotto ha più di 80 anni. L’approccio delle soluzioni dedicate non è più adatto: le persone con ridotte capacità non possono più essere considerate una minoranza e – cosa ancor più importante – le soluzioni “speciali” non sono considerate accettabili da parte degli utenti. Approcci consolidati come il Design for All, lo Universal Design e lo User-centered Design hanno dimostrato come il miglioramento dell’accessibilità per gli utenti più deboli comporti un miglioramento del servizio per tutti. La risposta alla domanda di ricerca prende la forma di una guida per il miglioramento dell’accessibilità dei sistemi di trasporto su acqua per tutti i passeggeri, inclusi gli utenti vulnerabili – persone con disabilità temporanee o permanenti, donne incinte, persone anziane e bambini.
The Seamless Journey. A Universal Design approach to water-based public transport systems
ERCOLI, SEBASTIANO
Abstract
Accessibility to public transport systems is a key factor for the social inclusion and quality of life of people with disabilities. This thesis, focused on water-based public transit, aims at answering to the following research questions: are current systems accessible for everyone? How can their accessibility be improved? The thesis moves from the consideration that the world population is ageing at an unprecedented rate, and in a pervasive and enduring way. In most of the developed Countries, this spectacular achievement is matched with a fertility rate below the replacement level. The coupling of these trends is resulting in a fast rise of the elderly population. Moreover, age is often related to functional changes that result in some forms of disability: the huge change of the population structure is further blending the already vague bond between “disability” and “non disability”. The sum of these tendencies is having a deep impact in many fields, such as economic growth and healthcare policies; indeed, it has important consequences also in design theory and practice; the design of marine public transport should be adapted to the change. The topic of accessibility – the quality of designs or services of being accessed and used by everyone – has traditionally been considered an issue concerning a restricted target, the disabled persons. The problem was usually faced ex post, with special, “dedicated” modifications to an already designed product or environment originally conceived for “standard” users. An example of this approach is offered by step lifts on the side of a flight of stairs, or lifting platforms to get in a bus. These segregating solutions can often be avoided if the needs of vulnerable users are considered at the beginning of the design process. Today, the Italian Institute for Statistics (ISTAT) says that in the Country one in five persons is more than 65 years old, and one in eighteen persons is more than 80 years old. The approach of dedicated solutions is not suitable any more: impaired persons can not be considered a minority any longer and – even more important – segregating solutions are not considered acceptable by the users. Consolidated design approaches such as Design for All, Universal Design or User-Centred Design all demonstrated that the improvement of accessibility for vulnerable users results in an improved service for everyone. The answer to the research question comes in form of a guide for the improvement of accessibility of ferry transportation services for all passengers, including vulnerable users – people with temporary or permanent disabilities, pregnant women, elderly people, and children.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/117852