These days Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are becoming very common in various application, due to the availability of cheaper and cheaper electronics and hardware as well as convenience of their employment. Having a set of collaborating aircrafts could led to a big expansion in operational sceneries and enhance UAVs potentialities. In the last few years several projects on this side have been part of master degree thesis at Politecnico di Milano and, in particular, two electric flying wing UAVs have been developed: Chippy and DR-One. The purpose of this thesis is to validate the design process used so far with a wind tunnel test campaign on the two UAVs and to investigate the causes of DR-One crash at its maiden flight. At first a numerical analysis is performed by the means of Vortex Lattice Method (VLM) software and approximated 3D viscous code (XFLR5). Then the UAVs themselves have been tested in the wind tunnel as they fit in the test chamber without the need of making scaled models; this has the advantage of being able to operate flight controls and propeller to obtain their in flight behavior. A 2D analysis on the airfoils alone has been carried on too both with xFoil simulations and wind tunnel testing. The numerical and experimental data have been finally compared to verify the correspondence between what expected and what have been actually obtained. Because the wind tunnel available instrumentation have not been designed to be used with aircrafts that generate relatively low forces and moments as the considered UAVs, while good results have been obtained in term of lift, drag and thrust, it has been impossible to conclude anything on moments, especially on the pitching as well as rolling ones.
Oggi giorno i droni, o velivoli a pilotaggio remoto, stanno diventando molto comuni in molte applicazioni, data la disponibilità di elettronica ed hardware sempre pù economici, oltre che per la convenienza nel loro impiego. Avere un formazione di droni collaboranti tra loro potrebbe portare ad una grande espansione degli scenari operativi e migliorarne le potenzialità. Negli ultimi anni molti progetti su questo tema sono stati presi in considerazione da tesi di laurea del Politecnico di Milano e, in particolare, sono stati sviluppati due droni a propulsione elettrica con configurazione tutt'ala: Chippy e DR-One. Lo scopo di questa tesi è la validazione del processo di progettazione usato fino ad ora con una serie di test in galleria del vento e l'individuazione delle cause che hanno portato DR-One a precipitare durante il suo volo inaugurale. Per prima cosa sono state effettuate simulazioni numeriche con metodo Vortex Lattice e codice ad approssimazione viscosa 3D (XFLR5). Dopodiché i droni sono stati testati nella galleria del vento senza il bisogno di produrre modelli in scala, dato che la camera di prova è grande a sufficienza; questo ha il grande vantaggio di poter operare le superfici di controllo ed il propulsore per ottenere il loro comportamento in volo. Anche l'analisi 2D dei profili impiegati è stata considerata sia con simulazioni tramite xFoil che con prove in galleria del vento. Infine i dati numerici ed i dati sperimentali sono stati confrontati per verificare la corrispondenza tra quello che ci si aspettava e ciò che è stato realmente ottenuto. Dato che la strumentazione di galleria non è progettata per essere usata con velivoli che producono forze e momenti relativamente bassi come nel caso dei droni considerati, mentre sono stati ottenuti buoni risultati in termini di portanza, resistenza e trazione, non è stato possibile concludere nulla di certo sui momenti, in particolare su quello longitudinale e quello di rollio.
Wind tunnel testing and characterization of UAVs
GOGGIO, EMANUELE
2014/2015
Abstract
These days Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are becoming very common in various application, due to the availability of cheaper and cheaper electronics and hardware as well as convenience of their employment. Having a set of collaborating aircrafts could led to a big expansion in operational sceneries and enhance UAVs potentialities. In the last few years several projects on this side have been part of master degree thesis at Politecnico di Milano and, in particular, two electric flying wing UAVs have been developed: Chippy and DR-One. The purpose of this thesis is to validate the design process used so far with a wind tunnel test campaign on the two UAVs and to investigate the causes of DR-One crash at its maiden flight. At first a numerical analysis is performed by the means of Vortex Lattice Method (VLM) software and approximated 3D viscous code (XFLR5). Then the UAVs themselves have been tested in the wind tunnel as they fit in the test chamber without the need of making scaled models; this has the advantage of being able to operate flight controls and propeller to obtain their in flight behavior. A 2D analysis on the airfoils alone has been carried on too both with xFoil simulations and wind tunnel testing. The numerical and experimental data have been finally compared to verify the correspondence between what expected and what have been actually obtained. Because the wind tunnel available instrumentation have not been designed to be used with aircrafts that generate relatively low forces and moments as the considered UAVs, while good results have been obtained in term of lift, drag and thrust, it has been impossible to conclude anything on moments, especially on the pitching as well as rolling ones.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2016_04_Goggio.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/118263