In Argentina, nearly 30% of the population living in rural areas has not connection to the national electricity network. Thus the government has engaged to finance a project aimed to solve this inadequacy of the electricity supply in a sustainable way: the so called “Proyecto de Energias Renovables en Mercados Rurales” (PERMER). PERMER’s final objective is to ensure the supply of electricity to 1,8 millions of people living in rural villages and to approximately 6000 public services like schools, health care centres, policy stations, among others, that are located far from the power distribution grid. Basically, PERMER is committed to promote the installation of generation units near rural villages. So far, thanks to this project, there have been implemented many solar energy generating solutions (PV panels and solar pumps), some wind power generators and micro hydro turbines along the entire country. Initially the PERMER focused on studying deeply the population’s conditions in order to elaborate an efficient and effective strategy for the future execution of the project. Based on those studies, it transpired a list of priorities that PERMER has to cover to satisfy the primary needs of the rural population. Among the most urgent investments that the PERMER must undertake, there is the extraction of groundwater for the orchards irrigation, and for the provision of drinkable water for humans and animals. Therefore our project consists in the design of a solar powered engine whose aim is to drive a water pump. To make the motor eligible for applications in rural villages, the design shall comply with the following criteria: - Economic affordability - Limited maintenance requirements - Long lifetime - Reliability Therefore during the design phase, we focused more on creating a solar motor with a relatively simple design to limit price and maintenance requirements rather than maximizing its power output and its efficiency. Initially we opted for the well known Stirling engine which has been repeatedly tested with solar energy in the last decades, and we reviewed all the typologies of Stirling engine in order to find the most suitable for our application. Afterwards, we moved towards a simpler solution that could be more resistant and more economic for our purpose. We proposed an open cycle reciprocating engine fed with ambient air. Then we focused on studying roughly the engine from a thermodynamic point of view to settle the most convenient design in terms of specific work output and thermodynamic efficiency. Later, we concentrated our efforts into the design of the prototype, which basically consists in a primary elaboration on CAD. Once the preliminary design was completed, we started to construct the engine at the workshop. Although we followed the basic lines of the preliminary design, numerous changes were made as the fabrication proceeded since some technical details were not practicable in reality. Finally when the motor was terminated, we run several tests in order to analyse its thermo-mechanical behaviour and power output. Those final results will be useful to validate the possible feasibility for a future manufacturing of the product.
In Argentina, circa il 30% della popolazione, che vive in zone rurali, non dispone della connessione all’infrastruttura elettrica nazionale; pertanto il governo si è impegnato a finanziare un progetto per combattere l’inadeguatezza dell’approvvigionamento di elettricità in una maniera sostenibile. Il nome di tale progetto è “Proyecto de energia renovables en Mercados Rurales” (PERMER). L’obbiettivo finale del PERMER è di garantire la distribuzione di elettricità a 1,8 milioni di persone nelle zone rurali e inoltre a circa 6000 edifici adibiti a servizi pubblici come scuole, ospedali, stazioni di polizia che distano molti chilometri dalla rete di distribuzione. Fondamentalmente PERMER provvederà all’installazione di unità di generazione elettrica presso i villaggi più isolati. Fino ad ora grazie a questo progetto sono state installate in tutto il paese diverse soluzioni per la produzione di energia elettrica attraverso energia solare ( come pannelli fotovoltaici e pompe solari), energia eolica e infine alcuni micro generatori idroelettrici. Inizialmente PERMER si è concentrata sull’analisi delle condizioni di tali aree in Argentina, in modo da sviluppare una strategia efficiente ed efficace per realizzare gli obbiettivi del progetto nel futuro. Grazie a questa analisi, PERMER ha ottenuto una lista di priorità a cui dovrebbe adempiere per soddisfare i bisogni primari delle popolazioni. Tra gli investimenti più urgenti che questo progetto dovrebbe intraprendere c’è l’estrazione di acqua per l’irrigazione dei campi e per l’approvvigionamento di acqua per gli umani e gli animali. Il nostro progetto consiste nel design di un motore alimentato ad energia solare per il pompaggio dell’acqua. Il design del motore dovrebbe rispettare i seguenti criteri per la suddetta applicazione: - Accessibilità economica - Bisogni di manutenzione limitati - Lunga vita tecnica - Affidabilità Durante la fase di design, ci siamo concentrati maggiormente sulla creazione di un motore solare semplice per limitare il prezzo e il bisogno di manutenzione, piuttosto che la prestazione di esso in termini di efficienza e potenza. Inizialmente abbiamo optato per il motore solare Stirling, che è stato più volte studiato nel corso degli ultimi decenni, e abbiamo analizzato diversi tipi di Stirling per identificare il più idoneo per la nostra applicazione. In seguito ad un’analisi economica dello Stirling, abbiamo deciso che il motore doveva essere più semplice e più resistente e abbiamo proposto un motore a movimento alternativo basato su un ciclo aperto, alimentato esclusivamente ad aria. Dopo un’analisi preliminare del motore dal punto di vista termodinamico, per stabilire quale fosse il meccanismo di ritorno del pistone più conveniente in termini di lavoro specifico e rendimento, abbiamo concentrato i nostri sforzi sull’elaborazione del design del prototipo attraverso un disegno su CAD. Completato il design iniziale, abbiamo iniziato a costruire il motore in laboratorio. Pur seguendo le linee base del modello iniziale, ci sono stati numerosi cambiamenti durante la fabbricazione poiché alcuni dettagli tecnici erano poco conformi nella realtà. Infine quando il prototipo è stato terminato, abbiamo eseguito una serie di test per analizzare il suo comportamento termico e meccanico e la potenza prodotta. Questi risultati saranno utili per convalidare la fattibilità di una futura fabbricazione del prodotto per il mercato.
Design and simulation of a solar engine to pump water
BAGLIETTO, MARIA LEA
2015/2016
Abstract
In Argentina, nearly 30% of the population living in rural areas has not connection to the national electricity network. Thus the government has engaged to finance a project aimed to solve this inadequacy of the electricity supply in a sustainable way: the so called “Proyecto de Energias Renovables en Mercados Rurales” (PERMER). PERMER’s final objective is to ensure the supply of electricity to 1,8 millions of people living in rural villages and to approximately 6000 public services like schools, health care centres, policy stations, among others, that are located far from the power distribution grid. Basically, PERMER is committed to promote the installation of generation units near rural villages. So far, thanks to this project, there have been implemented many solar energy generating solutions (PV panels and solar pumps), some wind power generators and micro hydro turbines along the entire country. Initially the PERMER focused on studying deeply the population’s conditions in order to elaborate an efficient and effective strategy for the future execution of the project. Based on those studies, it transpired a list of priorities that PERMER has to cover to satisfy the primary needs of the rural population. Among the most urgent investments that the PERMER must undertake, there is the extraction of groundwater for the orchards irrigation, and for the provision of drinkable water for humans and animals. Therefore our project consists in the design of a solar powered engine whose aim is to drive a water pump. To make the motor eligible for applications in rural villages, the design shall comply with the following criteria: - Economic affordability - Limited maintenance requirements - Long lifetime - Reliability Therefore during the design phase, we focused more on creating a solar motor with a relatively simple design to limit price and maintenance requirements rather than maximizing its power output and its efficiency. Initially we opted for the well known Stirling engine which has been repeatedly tested with solar energy in the last decades, and we reviewed all the typologies of Stirling engine in order to find the most suitable for our application. Afterwards, we moved towards a simpler solution that could be more resistant and more economic for our purpose. We proposed an open cycle reciprocating engine fed with ambient air. Then we focused on studying roughly the engine from a thermodynamic point of view to settle the most convenient design in terms of specific work output and thermodynamic efficiency. Later, we concentrated our efforts into the design of the prototype, which basically consists in a primary elaboration on CAD. Once the preliminary design was completed, we started to construct the engine at the workshop. Although we followed the basic lines of the preliminary design, numerous changes were made as the fabrication proceeded since some technical details were not practicable in reality. Finally when the motor was terminated, we run several tests in order to analyse its thermo-mechanical behaviour and power output. Those final results will be useful to validate the possible feasibility for a future manufacturing of the product.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/119003