Disinfection processes offer effective solutions to respect microbial standards imposed by regulations in order to prevent and reduce health and environmental risks due to wastewater discharge. In the last two decades, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), also thanks to the constant improvement of the computational power and the optimization of the mathematical and numerical models, proved its potential as a powerful and cost-effective tool. Usually wastewater disinfection has been performed in open-vessels with chicane geometry. In situations where the discharge point or the point-of-use are located far from the plants the in-line disinfection offers a suitable solution in terms of space and process optimization. The main objective of this work is to assess key factors (e.g. reactor hydraulics, peroxyacetic acid, PAA, decay and microbial inactivation kinetics) and design criteria that influence the disinfection process performance by comparing different reactor geometries. At this purpose two CFD models were generated: the first one reproduced the bent pilot reactor, while the second one was a straight pipe of the same length and geometrical characteristics of the previous one. CFD simulations for the hydrodynamic models were investigated varying the turbulent Schmidt number and comparing results with experimental tracer data. Then PAA decay and microbial inactivation were assessed thanks to a series of batch experimental data. The estimated equations with the relative parameters were then included in the CFD simulations in order to simulate the disinfection mechanisms of PAA. Finally, the outcomes of the CFD simulations were compared with batch and IDDF (Integrated Disinfection Design Framework) approaches. Results showed that batch and IDDF approaches are effective tools for a preliminary investigation of the disinfection performance and that straight-pipe reactor can be used to simulate and assess the disinfection performances of a bent-pipe reactor with 90° bends and similar inlet and outlet configuration.
I processi di disinfezione sono una soluzione efficace per rispettare gli standard di qualità imposti al fine di prevenire e ridurre il rischio sanitario e ambientale dovuto allo scarico di acque reflue. Negli ultimi vent’anni, la Fluidodinamica Computazionale (CFD), grazie anche al costante miglioramento delle capacità di calcolo e all’ottimizzazione di modelli matematici e numerici, si è dimostrata uno strumento efficace ed economicamente vantaggioso. Di norma la disinfezione di acque reflue è condotta in vasche aperte divise in setti. Quando il punto di scarico o di utilizzo sono distanti dagli impianti, la disinfezione in linea può essere una valida alternativa in termini di occupazione di spazio e ottimizzazione di processo. L’obiettivo principale di questo studio è l’analisi dei fattori che influenzano l’efficacia del processo di disinfezione (idraulica del reattore, cinetiche di decadimento dell’acido peracetico, PAA, e di inattivazione batterica) e i relativi criteri di progettazione, mediante il confronto di differenti geometrie reattoristiche. Sono stati creati due modelli CFD, per riprodurre la geometria curva del reattore pilota e una rettilinea con le stesse caratteristiche del precedente. Le simulazioni CFD per i modelli idrodinamici sono state condotte variando il numero turbolento di Schmidt e confrontando i risultati con i dati sperimentali di tracciante. Quindi il decadimento del PAA e l’inattivazione batterica sono stati valutati utilizzando una serie di dati sperimentali raccolti in batch. I parametri stimati sono stati implementati nelle simulazioni CFD per simulare i meccanismi di disinfezione del PAA. Infine, i risultati delle simulazioni CFD sono stati confrontati con gli approcci batch e IDDF (Integrated Disinfection Design Framework). Il confronto ha mostrato che gli approcci batch e IDDF sono strumenti efficaci per una stima preliminare dell’efficacia di disinfezione e che il reattore rettilineo può essere utilizzato per simulare e valutare le performance di disinfezione di un reattore con curve di 90° e configurazioni simili di inlet ed outlet.
Wastewater disinfection by PAA : performance evaluation for in-line PAA injection and different reactor geometries
TIZZONI, MARCO
2014/2015
Abstract
Disinfection processes offer effective solutions to respect microbial standards imposed by regulations in order to prevent and reduce health and environmental risks due to wastewater discharge. In the last two decades, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), also thanks to the constant improvement of the computational power and the optimization of the mathematical and numerical models, proved its potential as a powerful and cost-effective tool. Usually wastewater disinfection has been performed in open-vessels with chicane geometry. In situations where the discharge point or the point-of-use are located far from the plants the in-line disinfection offers a suitable solution in terms of space and process optimization. The main objective of this work is to assess key factors (e.g. reactor hydraulics, peroxyacetic acid, PAA, decay and microbial inactivation kinetics) and design criteria that influence the disinfection process performance by comparing different reactor geometries. At this purpose two CFD models were generated: the first one reproduced the bent pilot reactor, while the second one was a straight pipe of the same length and geometrical characteristics of the previous one. CFD simulations for the hydrodynamic models were investigated varying the turbulent Schmidt number and comparing results with experimental tracer data. Then PAA decay and microbial inactivation were assessed thanks to a series of batch experimental data. The estimated equations with the relative parameters were then included in the CFD simulations in order to simulate the disinfection mechanisms of PAA. Finally, the outcomes of the CFD simulations were compared with batch and IDDF (Integrated Disinfection Design Framework) approaches. Results showed that batch and IDDF approaches are effective tools for a preliminary investigation of the disinfection performance and that straight-pipe reactor can be used to simulate and assess the disinfection performances of a bent-pipe reactor with 90° bends and similar inlet and outlet configuration.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/120203