Chainsaw safety is usually limited to the mechanical characteristics of the device and to individual protection clothes the user has to wear. Some active safety devices were designed in past years aimed at blocking the combustion engine when some hazard was detected. However they weren’t able to correctly detect the harmless approach of the chainsaw to a planted tree. The goal of this work is to solve this problem through the analysis of the detected impedance between the handle and the chainsaw guide bar. The impedance is measured mainly through an operational amplifier in transimpedance configuration. A known voltage signal is injected into the tool handle and thanks to the amplifier virtual ground the signal current, which is impedance dependent, is read as a voltage information at the output. The microcontroller system is in charge of sampling and processing the output data and of transmitting the results via Bluetooth. To best measure the impedance information many different signals were studied, specifically sine waves at different frequencies and a pseudorandom-noise signal. A simplified circuital model was developed and then compared to the acquired impedance data. Once the best signal waveform was discovered many algorithms were developed to extract the hazard information from the measurements. Finally a good success rate of danger detection without false alarms was achieved.
La sicurezza nell’uso di motoseghe si limita alla presenza di elementi meccanici nella struttura dello strumento e al corretto utilizzo di dispositivi di protezione individuale che l’operatore deve indossare. In passato sono stati realizzati sistemi di protezione attivi, che bloccassero il funzionamento della motosega in caso di pericolo per l’utilizzatore, ma essi non hanno garantito un efficace funzionamento dello strumento quando si doveva operare su un albero piantato a terra. Lo scopo di questo elaborato è di garantire un corretto comportamento del sistema di sicurezza anche in questa condizione, tramite lo studio dell’impedenza presente tra l’impugnatura della motosega e la barra che sostiene la catena. Un segnale noto di tensione viene iniettato sull’impugnatura della motosega e la misura di impedenza è realizzata tramite un amplificatore operazionale in configurazione transimpedenza. Grazie alla sua massa virtuale, l’amplificatore legge tutta la corrente prodotta dal segnale sull’impedenza da misurare. Il sistema a microcontrollore legge ed elabora i dati acquisiti e li trasmette via Bluetooth. Per misurare al meglio l’impedenza sono stati utilizzati diversi segnali armonici e un segnale ‘pseudorandom noise’. L’impedenza è stata studiata sia al variare del tempo che della frequenza elaborando un modello circuitale semplificato e confrontandolo con le misurazioni effettuate. Una volta individuato il segnale più significativo sono stati realizzati molteplici algoritmi per l’elaborazione dei dati acquisiti ottenendo in fine buone percentuali di successo nel riconoscimento del pericolo senza falsi allarmi.
Sistema di misura di impedenza per la sicurezza di motoseghe
LOMUSCIO, ANDREA
2015/2016
Abstract
Chainsaw safety is usually limited to the mechanical characteristics of the device and to individual protection clothes the user has to wear. Some active safety devices were designed in past years aimed at blocking the combustion engine when some hazard was detected. However they weren’t able to correctly detect the harmless approach of the chainsaw to a planted tree. The goal of this work is to solve this problem through the analysis of the detected impedance between the handle and the chainsaw guide bar. The impedance is measured mainly through an operational amplifier in transimpedance configuration. A known voltage signal is injected into the tool handle and thanks to the amplifier virtual ground the signal current, which is impedance dependent, is read as a voltage information at the output. The microcontroller system is in charge of sampling and processing the output data and of transmitting the results via Bluetooth. To best measure the impedance information many different signals were studied, specifically sine waves at different frequencies and a pseudorandom-noise signal. A simplified circuital model was developed and then compared to the acquired impedance data. Once the best signal waveform was discovered many algorithms were developed to extract the hazard information from the measurements. Finally a good success rate of danger detection without false alarms was achieved.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2016_04_Lomuscio.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/121429