This work proposes a methodology and software tools to design a prosthesis for AAA (Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm) customized for the specific patient, and then place it into his aorta, in the respecting the aneurysm. It is first illustrated the problems of the AAA, the method of treatment (EVAR); Then the types of prostheses used for this intervention are examined. Later using VMTK’s libraries, is performed the reconstruction of aortic structures, from DICOM data obtained through computed tomography (CT). It’s then computed the axis of the blood vessel concerned and the measures of the section associated at each point. From the measurements obtained in this way and using Matlab, a series of operations is done in order to identify the starting and ending points of the prosthesis, ensuring to exploit the available space without blocking major arteries. It is creates a stent-graft between the identified points, generating the structure of the rings in order to force themselves against the wall of the blood vessel at the extremes of the prosthesis so as to prevent endoleaks and migrations. The rings inside the aneurysm and until the end of the bifurcation are designed as to remain at the inner of the wall without creating interference. Are also defined the dimensions of stent rings in position and referred to the un-stretched condition (as manufactured). The rings are spaced in order to avoid interference and overlapping between them, deforming the fabric without excessive folds or dilatations. The geometry of the fabric, after the intervention is obtained collecting circular profiles in correspondence of the lower and higher peaks of each ring, adding also the terminal parts, then generating the surface in a modeling environment, using a loft feature. The final shape of the blood vessel is made by cutting the mesh of the reconstructed blood vessel in correspondence of the borders of the prosthesis in loco, replacing the part affected by AAA with the surface created for the fabric. Lastly it is proposed a procedure to simulate the insertion of the prosthesis by moving it along the artery’s axis, until the correct position is reached, it is then released and placed in position by pulling out the external wall of the catheter.
Questo lavoro propone una metodologia e degli strumenti software per progettare una protesi per AAA (Aneurisma Aortico Addominale) personalizzata per lo specifico paziente, e per posizionarla successivamente nell’aorta del paziente in corrispondenza dell'aneurisma. Viene dapprima illustrata la problematica dell’AAA, il metodo di trattamento (EVAR) e vengono esaminati i tipi di protesi. In seguito utilizzando le librerie di VMTK, si esegue la ricostruzione delle strutture aortiche, a partire da dati in formato DICOM ricavati tramite Tomografia Computerizzata (CT). Successivamente vengono ricavati l’asse del vaso sanguigno interessato e le misure della sezione associata ad ogni suo punto. Dalle misure così ottenute, utilizzando Matlab viene eseguita una serie di operazioni volte ad identificare i punti di inizio e fine della protesi, in modo da sfruttare lo spazio disponibile senza ostruire arterie importanti. Viene creato uno stent-graft all’interno della zona identificata, generando la struttura degli anelli in modo che vadano a forzarsi contro la parete agli estremi della protesi, per evitare endoleak e migrazioni. Gli anelli all’interno dell’aneurisma e fino alla fine della biforcazione sono dimensionati per rimanere all’interno della parete senza creare interferenza. Vengono definite dimensioni degli anelli dello stent in posizione e indeformato (come realizzato). Gli anelli sono spaziati in maniera che non vi sia interferenza tra essi e non vadano a sovrapporsi, lasciando al tessuto la possibilità di deformarsi in modo coerente. La geometria del tessuto, a seguito dell’intervento è rappresentata creando i profili circolari corrispondenti ai picchi e le valli degli anelli, aggiungendo anche le parti terminali; generando la superficie tramite operazione di loft dei cerchi ottenuti, in un ambiente di modellazione. La forma finale del vaso sanguigno è realizzata tagliando la mesh ricostruita dalla CT in corrispondenza degli estremi della protesi e sostituendo la parte affetta da AAA con la superficie creata per il tessuto. Viene infine proposta una procedura per simulare l'inserimento della protesi, muovendola lungo l’asse dell'arteria fino al corretto posizionamento della stessa, con il relativo rilascio in sede che avviene quando si estrae il catetere.
Modellazione personalizzata e in loco di protesi per aneurisma aortico addominale
CASALI, ALESSIO
2015/2016
Abstract
This work proposes a methodology and software tools to design a prosthesis for AAA (Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm) customized for the specific patient, and then place it into his aorta, in the respecting the aneurysm. It is first illustrated the problems of the AAA, the method of treatment (EVAR); Then the types of prostheses used for this intervention are examined. Later using VMTK’s libraries, is performed the reconstruction of aortic structures, from DICOM data obtained through computed tomography (CT). It’s then computed the axis of the blood vessel concerned and the measures of the section associated at each point. From the measurements obtained in this way and using Matlab, a series of operations is done in order to identify the starting and ending points of the prosthesis, ensuring to exploit the available space without blocking major arteries. It is creates a stent-graft between the identified points, generating the structure of the rings in order to force themselves against the wall of the blood vessel at the extremes of the prosthesis so as to prevent endoleaks and migrations. The rings inside the aneurysm and until the end of the bifurcation are designed as to remain at the inner of the wall without creating interference. Are also defined the dimensions of stent rings in position and referred to the un-stretched condition (as manufactured). The rings are spaced in order to avoid interference and overlapping between them, deforming the fabric without excessive folds or dilatations. The geometry of the fabric, after the intervention is obtained collecting circular profiles in correspondence of the lower and higher peaks of each ring, adding also the terminal parts, then generating the surface in a modeling environment, using a loft feature. The final shape of the blood vessel is made by cutting the mesh of the reconstructed blood vessel in correspondence of the borders of the prosthesis in loco, replacing the part affected by AAA with the surface created for the fabric. Lastly it is proposed a procedure to simulate the insertion of the prosthesis by moving it along the artery’s axis, until the correct position is reached, it is then released and placed in position by pulling out the external wall of the catheter.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
2016_04_Casali.pdf
solo utenti autorizzati dal 19/04/2017
Descrizione: Testo della tesi
Dimensione
3.27 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
3.27 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in POLITesi sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/10589/121569