The aim of this work is to study the solar shading devices as useful systems to reduce energy requirements with their ability to adapt themselves to climate changes. The facade is in fact a fundamental element that affects the energy performance of a building: it is the filter between the outside weather conditions and the air-conditioned space. The buildings must be able to adapt to the climatic changes and the architectural envelope should no longer be considered as an additional component in the construction process, but it has to become a main element. The research initially shows how the human being throughout history has always tried to achieve, with the available tools, the perfect comfort conditions in the built environment. Than I studied how the relationship created between the built environment and climatic context has been gradually lost over the last century because of the use of air conditioning and heating systems. The spread of air conditioning systems, in fact, caused and continues to cause environmental cataclysms, which are in stark contrast to the guidelines of sustainability. My research arrives until nowadays, where an increasing awareness of environmental issues is trying to impose more and more research into new technologies in order to depend less and less on fossil fuels, that have a limited life. Then I presented some facts about solar radiation and the geometry of the Sun-Earth system, useful for understanding the issues underlying the choice and design of solar shading systems. Moreover I focused my thesis on different types of solar shading devices, showing how research is heading in their direction, giving more attention to energy savings and, at the same time, trying to develop solar shadings that are less invasive from the visual and volumetric point of view. Finally, through the analysis of an existing case study (the Walkie Talkie building located in London) and an office building I designed as case study, I tried to get conclusions regarding the use of shielding systems, that are so important because of their involvement in the regulation of solar radiation, with a consequent impact on energy consumption.
Il presente lavoro di tesi propone un approfondimento dello studio dei dispositivi di schermatura solare, quali sistemi utili per ridurre i consumi energetici e adattarsi alle variazioni climatiche. La facciata è infatti un elemento di primaria importanza per l’effetto sulle prestazioni di un edificio; rappresenta il filtro tra le condizioni climatiche esterne e lo spazio climatizzato. Gli edifici devono quindi essere in grado di adattarsi alle variazioni climatiche e l’involucro architettonico non dovrebbe più essere ritenuto un elemento addizionale nel processo di costruzione, ma diventare un elemento principale. La ricerca inizialmente tratta di come l’uomo nel corso della storia ha sempre cercato di creare, attraverso i mezzi a propria disposizione, le caratteristiche più adeguate per raggiungere il comfort ideale all’interno dell’ambiente costruito. Dunque del rapporto creatosi tra ambiente costruito e contesto climatico che ha caratterizzato le architetture, e che si è via via perso nell’ultimo secolo, a causa dell’uso di sistemi di condizionamento e riscaldamento. La diffusione di sistemi di condizionamento, infatti, ha causato e continua a causare sconvolgimenti ambientali, che sono in netto contrasto con le linee guida della sostenibilità. Fino ad arrivare ai giorni nostri, dove una coscienza sempre maggiore nei confronti delle questioni ambientali sta orientando gli studi verso la ricerca di nuove tecnologie per ridurre ai minimi termini la dipendenza dalle fonti esauribili come i combustibili fossili. Vengono poi presentate alcune nozioni sulla radiazione solare, sulla geometria del sistema Sole-Terra, utili per comprendere le problematiche sottese alla scelta ed alla progettazione dei sistemi di schermatura solare, fino a porre l’attenzione sulle differenti tipologie di schermature solari, valorizzandole, mostrando come, ora più che mai la ricerca stia andando nella loro direzione, in modo tale da dare sempre più attenzione ai risparmi energetici e allo stesso tempo, cercare di sviluppare delle schermature poco ingombranti, che alterino solo relativamente la visione verso l’esterno. La tesi si chiude analizzando due casi studio: il Walkie Talkie di Londra e un edificio destinato ad uffici da me progettato. Entrambi i casi mostrano l’importanza delle schermature solari: il loro intervento nella regolazione della radiazione solare e le evidenti ripercussioni sui consumi energetici.
Schermature solari e architettura. Analisi qualitativa e quantitativa del loro utilizzo
CASTELLI, SERENA
2014/2015
Abstract
The aim of this work is to study the solar shading devices as useful systems to reduce energy requirements with their ability to adapt themselves to climate changes. The facade is in fact a fundamental element that affects the energy performance of a building: it is the filter between the outside weather conditions and the air-conditioned space. The buildings must be able to adapt to the climatic changes and the architectural envelope should no longer be considered as an additional component in the construction process, but it has to become a main element. The research initially shows how the human being throughout history has always tried to achieve, with the available tools, the perfect comfort conditions in the built environment. Than I studied how the relationship created between the built environment and climatic context has been gradually lost over the last century because of the use of air conditioning and heating systems. The spread of air conditioning systems, in fact, caused and continues to cause environmental cataclysms, which are in stark contrast to the guidelines of sustainability. My research arrives until nowadays, where an increasing awareness of environmental issues is trying to impose more and more research into new technologies in order to depend less and less on fossil fuels, that have a limited life. Then I presented some facts about solar radiation and the geometry of the Sun-Earth system, useful for understanding the issues underlying the choice and design of solar shading systems. Moreover I focused my thesis on different types of solar shading devices, showing how research is heading in their direction, giving more attention to energy savings and, at the same time, trying to develop solar shadings that are less invasive from the visual and volumetric point of view. Finally, through the analysis of an existing case study (the Walkie Talkie building located in London) and an office building I designed as case study, I tried to get conclusions regarding the use of shielding systems, that are so important because of their involvement in the regulation of solar radiation, with a consequent impact on energy consumption.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2016_04_Castelli_Serena .pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/121826