Ghana is a controversial country, so rich and yet so weak, so old but still in the making. I learned a lot about its strong identity in my trip, two months to discover a culture and the people who left an indelible mark in my path. Especially my stay in the village of Abetenim is the hub from which was born my reflection on the life of this community and their modus operandi to the constructive approach. This trip starts with an idea by the architect Giulia Fortunato, looking for students of architecture, design and engineering that could work on the creation and implementation of a new project. The Ghanaian NGO NKA Foundation has commissioned an house that could be a place for prospective volunteers working in the village and school teachers. Through this experience we were able to study and actually apply the traditional building method called atakpame, experiencing both qualities and issues linked to building with red earth in that context. That was the birth of my thesis, an exhibition that tells the reality of a village and the importance of the vernacular technique. To do that I had to find a place that was not just an empty spaces to be set with an exhibition, but i needed a space enclose to the suggestions and to those reminiscences that evokes Africa in is complex reality. A place with great potential for development, a site full of borning ideas and pillars that grows day by day. But it is a neglected site, fixed, isolated from the dynamic urban context, forgotten by the institutions. So I chose as the location of my project, the former quarry Lucchini, that represent in the Bovisasca district a small desert. An huge space used in the past for the mining and now it’s an abandoned reality, with in its inside an uncompleted building never finished and never used. So i start the requalification go the entire area, outside through the representation of the landscape of the village shape, and a detailed discovery about how the clay, used for centuries in the past by many nations, nowadays it’s still the main construction methodology in the village and which tools it's worked. The outer part, which was the extraction area of the quarry, will be a tale of Abetenim. To do this I created a survey of all the buildings and village areas, which I then developed on the quarry land with a two-dimensional drawing. The representation of the landscape is recreated from a combination of different types of soils each corresponding to an element of the village and its colors. This creates a clear path, along the walking, marked by high iron bar planted in the ground that identify the focal points of the map, to bring the visitor in his way to discover the Abetenim community. The building is organized on two levels, the ground floor shows the concept of “veranda" in the typical house of the village, an outdoor but covered space that becomes the common place of sharing, to cook, dine, play or chat and that in this project wants to preserved this role for meeting and socializing. In the upper floor there is the exhibition, that develops along a one-directional path; beginning with how to find local materials and their processing with the simple local tools available, up to the story of the different techniques of working the red earth, and in particular about Atakpamè, to finally speaks about the closures that finish the architecture. Through these six rooms the common main point is the evolution of a "construction" in Abetenim where the protagonist is the red earth. The earth, such a poor element but still so valuable. The union of the red soil and water, processed by the wise artisans hands, take shape in high walls, in entire buildings, which become the shelter and the heart of a community.
Il Ghana è un paese controverso, così ricco e allo stesso tempo così debole, così antico ma ancora in divenire. Ho imparato a conoscere la sua forte identità nel mio viaggio, due mesi alla scoperta di una cultura e di un popolo che non potevano far altro che lasciare un segno indelebile nel mio percorso. In particolare la mia permanenza nel villaggio di Abetenim è il fulcro da cui nasce la mia riflessione sulla vita di questa comunità e il loro approccio al modus operandi costruttivo. Questo viaggio parte con un progetto dell’architetto Giulia Fortunato, alla ricerca di stu- denti di architettura, design ed ingegneria per collaborare alla sua creazione e realizzazione. La ONLUS ghanese NKA Foundation ci ha commissionato un unità abitativa che potesse essere un luogo per i futuri volontari operanti nel villaggio e per gli insegnanti della scu- ola. Attraverso questa esperienza ci siamo avvicinati ed abbiamo sperimentato la tecnica costruttiva tradizionale dell’atakpame, verificando pregi, difetti e problematiche del costru- ire in terra cruda in un villaggio rurale dell’Africa Subsahariana. Da qui nasce il mio progetto, una mostra che racconta la realtà di un villaggio e l’importan- za della tecnica vernacolare. Per fare questo avevo la necessità di un luogo che non fosse un semplice spazio espositivo ma che racchiudesse intrinsecamente quelle suggestioni e quelle reminiscenze che evoca una realtà complessa come quella africana. Un luogo con un grande potenziale di sviluppo, un embrione che cresce e si trasforma così come un cantiere di idee e di pilastri cresce giorno per giorno. Ma si tratta di un cantiere abbandonato,fermo , isolato dal dinamico contesto urbano, dimenticato dalle istituzioni. Ho scelto quindi come location del mio progetto l’ex-cava Lucchini, che nel quartiere della Bovisasca rappresenta un grande vuoto. Ampio spazio utilizzato in passato per l’attività estrattiva ed abbondanto, con all’interno uno stabile mai completato e mai utilizzato. E’ da qui che parte una riqualificazione dell’ aerea, all’esterno attraverso la rappresentazione paesaggistica della conformazione del villaggio, ed all’interno andando nel dettaglio a cono- scere come la terra cruda, utilizzata nei secoli dai molti popoli, sia ancora oggi la principale metodologia di costruzione nel villaggio e con quali strumenti viene applicata. La parte esterna, che era l’aerea di estrazione della cava, sarà un racconto di Abetenim. Per fare questo ho realizzato un rilievo di tutti gli edifici e le aree del villaggio, che poi ho sviluppato sul terreno della cava con un disegno bidimensionale. La rappresentazione del paesaggio è ricreata dall’abbinamento di diverse tipologie di suoli ognuno corrisponden- te ad un elemento del villaggio e alle sue cromie. Si crea così un percorso libero, segnato lungo il tracciato da alte barre di ferro piantate nel terreno che identificano i punti focali della mappa, per portare il visitatore nella sua passeggiata alla scoperta della comunità di Abetenim. Lo stabile invece è organizzato su due livelli, il piano terra rappresenta il concetto di “ve- randa” della tipica casa del villaggio, uno spazio coperto che diventa il luogo comune di condivisione, per cucinare, pranzare, giocare o chiacchierare e che nel progetto perpetua questo ruolo d’incontro e socialità. Nel piano superiore invece viene allestita la mostra che si sviluppa lungo un percorso uni- voco; iniziando da come reperire i materiali locali e la loro lavorazione con gli strumenti semplici a disposizione, fino al racconto delle diverse tecniche di lavorazione del materiale, in particolare dell’Atakpamè ed infine le chiusure che completano l’architettura. In queste sei stanze che si susseguono, il filo conduttore è l’evoluzione di una “costruzione tipo” ad Abetenim ma il protagonista è la Terra. La terra elemento così povero ma così prezioso. Dall’unione dei tanti granelli rossi e di ac- qua, lavorati con le mani sapienti degli artigiani, prendono forma alte pareti, interi edifici, che diventano il riparo e il cuore di una comunità.
Abetenim : il villaggio e la tecnica vernacolare
VIOLANTE, FILOMENA
2014/2015
Abstract
Ghana is a controversial country, so rich and yet so weak, so old but still in the making. I learned a lot about its strong identity in my trip, two months to discover a culture and the people who left an indelible mark in my path. Especially my stay in the village of Abetenim is the hub from which was born my reflection on the life of this community and their modus operandi to the constructive approach. This trip starts with an idea by the architect Giulia Fortunato, looking for students of architecture, design and engineering that could work on the creation and implementation of a new project. The Ghanaian NGO NKA Foundation has commissioned an house that could be a place for prospective volunteers working in the village and school teachers. Through this experience we were able to study and actually apply the traditional building method called atakpame, experiencing both qualities and issues linked to building with red earth in that context. That was the birth of my thesis, an exhibition that tells the reality of a village and the importance of the vernacular technique. To do that I had to find a place that was not just an empty spaces to be set with an exhibition, but i needed a space enclose to the suggestions and to those reminiscences that evokes Africa in is complex reality. A place with great potential for development, a site full of borning ideas and pillars that grows day by day. But it is a neglected site, fixed, isolated from the dynamic urban context, forgotten by the institutions. So I chose as the location of my project, the former quarry Lucchini, that represent in the Bovisasca district a small desert. An huge space used in the past for the mining and now it’s an abandoned reality, with in its inside an uncompleted building never finished and never used. So i start the requalification go the entire area, outside through the representation of the landscape of the village shape, and a detailed discovery about how the clay, used for centuries in the past by many nations, nowadays it’s still the main construction methodology in the village and which tools it's worked. The outer part, which was the extraction area of the quarry, will be a tale of Abetenim. To do this I created a survey of all the buildings and village areas, which I then developed on the quarry land with a two-dimensional drawing. The representation of the landscape is recreated from a combination of different types of soils each corresponding to an element of the village and its colors. This creates a clear path, along the walking, marked by high iron bar planted in the ground that identify the focal points of the map, to bring the visitor in his way to discover the Abetenim community. The building is organized on two levels, the ground floor shows the concept of “veranda" in the typical house of the village, an outdoor but covered space that becomes the common place of sharing, to cook, dine, play or chat and that in this project wants to preserved this role for meeting and socializing. In the upper floor there is the exhibition, that develops along a one-directional path; beginning with how to find local materials and their processing with the simple local tools available, up to the story of the different techniques of working the red earth, and in particular about Atakpamè, to finally speaks about the closures that finish the architecture. Through these six rooms the common main point is the evolution of a "construction" in Abetenim where the protagonist is the red earth. The earth, such a poor element but still so valuable. The union of the red soil and water, processed by the wise artisans hands, take shape in high walls, in entire buildings, which become the shelter and the heart of a community.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/121942