In this era of economic crisis, many productive activities have been moved out of Europe to countries with ultra-low labour cost, with the intent of making more competitive European products. Especially in luxury and high-cost “Made in Italy” products, this strategy has been demonstrated faulty, and many companies are thinking to re-locate their production in the original countries, providing cost-reductions by optimizing the production process. The purpose of this thesis is to develop a methodological and technological approach for the production of personalized fashion goods by reverse engineering existing modular elements, recombining and re-designing them with the help of virtual prototyping approaches. As the focus has been made on Luxury shoes, therefore the research starts by comparing state of the art 3D data acquisition techniques to find the best technique for digitizing fashion goods (i.e. in this case luxury shoes and associated accessories). A general overview of the available methods for data acquisition, assisted to develop a comparison based on general process accuracy, scanning volume, cost of devices and total time of data acquisition. Once an appropriate 3D acquisition system for the required task has been selected, a metrological characterization of the 3D capturing devices belonging to that specific system is required. Currently no international standard protocols exist for performance evaluation of 3D imaging devices. Consequently, in this research, standard test objects of known geometrical characteristics are designed to be digitized by using different 3D acquisition devices, the analysis of which gives an estimation of uncertainty, accuracy and resolution of 3D imaging devices. Based on the comparison of performances, specific devices are being selected, for properly digitizing the involved industrial products. According to the characterization and comparison, base modules of different category of shoes are being acquired using most suitable device for the task. Starting from digitized base modules, a full digital pipeline has been developed for generating new products, customizable by the end-user. These digital products have two different outputs in the form of digital models; the first one will be used for manufacturing (i.e. parametric models ready to be manufactured), the second one for visualization purposes (i.e. ultra-light models with high quality surface texture). Finally, digital products with different configurations have been used for virtual Mass Customization. Even though some virtual platforms exist for mass customization, nothing has been developed for “made to fit” user customizable products. Furthermore, the customer does not have complete freedom to customize the products within the solution space of a brand (e.g. taking one element of a product and combining it with elements of another product). This work has been motivated by such consideration in order to fully exploit Mass Customization at virtual level.
In questo periodo di crisi economica, molte attività industriali si sono spostate fuori dall' Europa in paesi con manodopera a basso costo, con l'obiettivo di rendere i prodotti europei più competitive. Specialmente nel settore dei prodotti di lusso "made in Italy" però, questa strategia si è rilevata fallimentare e molte compagnie stanno pensando di rispostare la propria produzione nuovamente nei paesi di origine, attuando una riduzione dei costi attraverso l'ottimizzazione del processo di produzione. Lo scopo di tale tesi è sviluppare un approccio metodologico e tecnologico per la personalizzazine di beni e accessori nell’ambito della moda, attraverso il reverse engineering di elementi modulari esistenti, ricombinandoli e ri-progettandoli con l'aiuto della prototipazione virtuale. Il focus è stato in particolare calzature di lusso. La ricerca inizia comparando lo stato dell'arte sulle tecniche di acquisizione 3D, per individuare la migliore al fine di digitalizzare tale tipo di prodotti ed alcuni accessori collegati. Una panoramica complessiva sui metodi di acquisizione dati ad oggi disponibili, assieme ad alcuni esempi di specifici dispositivi, ha quindi permesso la comparazione basata su: accuratezza del processo; volume digitalizzato; costo dell'apparecchiatura e tempitiche di acquisizione dati. Selezionato il sistema di acquisizione 3D idoneo per gli obiettivi richiesti, èstata quindi necessaria una caratterizzazione metrologica dei dispositivi appartenenti allo specifico sistema. Però non esistono protocolli internazionali per valutare le performance di sistemi di acquisizione di immagini 3D. Di conseguenza, inzialmente in questa ricerca , si sono sviluppati specifici oggetti con caratteristiche geometriche note, per l'esecuzione di test con cui valutare l'incertezza, l'accuratezza e la risoluzione dei dispositivi di acquisizione 3D considerati. Sulla base della comparazione delle performance si sono quindi selezionati specifici dispositivi che permettono un'adeguata digitalizzazione dei prodotti industriali. A questo punto, in base alla caratterizzazione comparativa, le componenti base di diverse calzature sono state acquisite usando i dispositivi più idonei per l'obiettivo. Sulla base di tali componenti digitalizzati è stato sviluppano un piano di lavoro per generare nuovi prodotti, personalizzabili dall' utente finale. Tali prodotti digitali hanno due differenti output: il primo usato come modello per la fabbricazione (modello parametrico), il secondo con il fine di visualizzare l’oggetto personalizzato (modello "ultra-leggero" con un' alta qualità della texture superficiale) Infine, prodotti digitali con differenti configurazione sono stati usati per una "personalizzazione di massa virtuale". Sebbene esistano già alcune piattaforme per la personalizzazione di massa, non è stato ancora sviluppato nulla per prodotti personalizzabili dall' utente adattandone la misura sulla base dell’impronta digitale tridimensionale del corpo“made to fit". Inoltre il cliente non ha piena libertà di personalizzare il prodotto all' interno del range di soluzioni del brand (ad esempio prendendo un elemento di un prodotto e combinandolo con altri elementi). Tale lavoro è stato quindi motivato da tali considerazioni, con lo scopo di esplorare pienamente le opportunità offerte dalla "personalizzazione di massa virtuale".
Reverse engineering for user-customizable product design
MALIK, UMAIR SHAFQAT
2014/2015
Abstract
In this era of economic crisis, many productive activities have been moved out of Europe to countries with ultra-low labour cost, with the intent of making more competitive European products. Especially in luxury and high-cost “Made in Italy” products, this strategy has been demonstrated faulty, and many companies are thinking to re-locate their production in the original countries, providing cost-reductions by optimizing the production process. The purpose of this thesis is to develop a methodological and technological approach for the production of personalized fashion goods by reverse engineering existing modular elements, recombining and re-designing them with the help of virtual prototyping approaches. As the focus has been made on Luxury shoes, therefore the research starts by comparing state of the art 3D data acquisition techniques to find the best technique for digitizing fashion goods (i.e. in this case luxury shoes and associated accessories). A general overview of the available methods for data acquisition, assisted to develop a comparison based on general process accuracy, scanning volume, cost of devices and total time of data acquisition. Once an appropriate 3D acquisition system for the required task has been selected, a metrological characterization of the 3D capturing devices belonging to that specific system is required. Currently no international standard protocols exist for performance evaluation of 3D imaging devices. Consequently, in this research, standard test objects of known geometrical characteristics are designed to be digitized by using different 3D acquisition devices, the analysis of which gives an estimation of uncertainty, accuracy and resolution of 3D imaging devices. Based on the comparison of performances, specific devices are being selected, for properly digitizing the involved industrial products. According to the characterization and comparison, base modules of different category of shoes are being acquired using most suitable device for the task. Starting from digitized base modules, a full digital pipeline has been developed for generating new products, customizable by the end-user. These digital products have two different outputs in the form of digital models; the first one will be used for manufacturing (i.e. parametric models ready to be manufactured), the second one for visualization purposes (i.e. ultra-light models with high quality surface texture). Finally, digital products with different configurations have been used for virtual Mass Customization. Even though some virtual platforms exist for mass customization, nothing has been developed for “made to fit” user customizable products. Furthermore, the customer does not have complete freedom to customize the products within the solution space of a brand (e.g. taking one element of a product and combining it with elements of another product). This work has been motivated by such consideration in order to fully exploit Mass Customization at virtual level.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/122064