Over the last few years, the traditional school system has been deeply criticized due to its reference model, an industrial logic that’s unable to adapt to an ever-changing world like the present one. There have been several attempts to bring about some innovations, especially those related to skills that the world of work is always looking for, such as problem solving and teamwork. If we want future generations to be ready to work in the twenty-first century, we must give them the opportunity to experiment and develop those workplace skills beginning in primary school. This thesis describes the ability of service design to retrace and visualize the present education proposal in order to find out its problems and opportunities so that a new scenario that’s more fitting to today’s real world requirements can be created. Its particular human-centered approach involves the different actors who experience school every day; it asks for their points of views, suggestions, and doubts through short interviews. Teachers and families agree with the importance of developing twenty-first century workplace skills and they appreciate the attention that the Ministry of Education has put on them, but they report a lack of methods and tools for recognizing and evaluating those skills. Given the increasing importance of collaboration and personalized education, the intention of this thesis is to answer the following question: How should we evaluate the contributions of individual students to a cooperative learning group while considering the uniqueness of their profile? Thus Project Mezzo Pieno was born. Consisting of a set of activities based on cooperative learning, Project Mezzo Pieno takes into account the individual contributions of students in cooperative learning groups and considers the unique profile of each student in order to facilitate a personal reflection at the end of the process. A toolkit has been given to the teacher in order to help him design and lead the activities, and to evaluate the students emerging skills. By adopting different methodologies, much research has been conducted about the present situation of the Italian school system, the approaches to nourishing problem solving and teamwork skills, and the different ways to evaluate individual contributions to group activities. Project Mezzo Pieno has been prototyped, implemented with the teacher, and finally tested in a fourth grade class in order to verify the effectiveness of its activities and tools.
Negli ultimi anni il sistema scolastico tradizionale è stato oggetto di profonde critiche, per lo più legate al modello di riferimento, basato sulla logica industriale, non più in grado di stare al passo con un mondo in continua evoluzione. Tanti sono stati i tentativi di portare innovazione, soprattutto legati alle nuove competenze che, accanto a quelle che un tempo garantivano un impiego, sempre più il mondo del lavoro richiede, come il problem solving o il saper lavorare all’interno di un gruppo. Affinchè le generazioni future acquisiscano tali competenze, è necessario dare loro la possibilità di sperimentarle e quindi svilupparle sin dalla scuola primaria. La tesi illustra la capacità del service design nel ricostruire e visualizzare l’attuale offerta formativa della scuola, individuarne problemi ed opportunità, per poi fornire un nuovo scenario più vicino alle richieste del mondo d’oggi. L’approccio human-centered che lo contraddistingue ha portato al coinvolgimento dei diversi attori che vivono la scuola quotidianamente, invitandoli ad esprimere i loro pareri, suggerimenti e perplessità attraverso brevi interviste. Insegnanti e genitori, che concordano sulle abilità che sono e saranno sempre più necessarie per una soddisfacente vita lavorativa, apprezzano l’attenzione rivolta dal Ministero alle cosiddette competenze, ma denunciano la mancanza di strumenti e metodi in grado di individuarle e valutarle opportunamente. Vista la crescente importanza data alla collaborazione e considerato il filone didattico volto alla personalizzazione del percorso di studi, la tesi parte dalla seguente domanda: come valutare l’apporto del singolo studente ad un lavoro in gruppo cooperativo, tenendo in considerazione l’unicità del suo profilo? Nasce così il Progetto Mezzo Pieno, consistente in una serie di attività centrate sull’apprendimento cooperativo, la cui valutazione, riferita al contributo del singolo al lavoro di gruppo, tiene in considerazione l’unicità di ciascuno studente e favorisce una riflessione personale al termine del processo. All’insegnante viene consegnato un kit di strumenti, pensati per facilitare la programmazione e lo svolgimento delle attività, nonché l’individuazione e la valutazione formativa delle competenze emerse. Utilizzando metodologie di diversa natura, è stata condotta una ricerca riguardo la situazione attuale della scuola italiana, le metodologie didattiche in grado di sviluppare le abilità di problem solving e teamworking e le diverse modalità con cui viene valutato, in diversi ambiti, il singolo contributo al lavoro di gruppo. Quanto progettato è stato prototipato, implementato con l’insegnante ed infine testato in una classe quarta della scuola primaria, in modo da verificare la validità delle attività proposte e degli strumenti forniti.
Mezzo pieno. Un metodo per la valutazione dell'apporto individuale ad attività di apprendimento cooperativo nella scuola primaria
FOGACCIA, MARCO
2014/2015
Abstract
Over the last few years, the traditional school system has been deeply criticized due to its reference model, an industrial logic that’s unable to adapt to an ever-changing world like the present one. There have been several attempts to bring about some innovations, especially those related to skills that the world of work is always looking for, such as problem solving and teamwork. If we want future generations to be ready to work in the twenty-first century, we must give them the opportunity to experiment and develop those workplace skills beginning in primary school. This thesis describes the ability of service design to retrace and visualize the present education proposal in order to find out its problems and opportunities so that a new scenario that’s more fitting to today’s real world requirements can be created. Its particular human-centered approach involves the different actors who experience school every day; it asks for their points of views, suggestions, and doubts through short interviews. Teachers and families agree with the importance of developing twenty-first century workplace skills and they appreciate the attention that the Ministry of Education has put on them, but they report a lack of methods and tools for recognizing and evaluating those skills. Given the increasing importance of collaboration and personalized education, the intention of this thesis is to answer the following question: How should we evaluate the contributions of individual students to a cooperative learning group while considering the uniqueness of their profile? Thus Project Mezzo Pieno was born. Consisting of a set of activities based on cooperative learning, Project Mezzo Pieno takes into account the individual contributions of students in cooperative learning groups and considers the unique profile of each student in order to facilitate a personal reflection at the end of the process. A toolkit has been given to the teacher in order to help him design and lead the activities, and to evaluate the students emerging skills. By adopting different methodologies, much research has been conducted about the present situation of the Italian school system, the approaches to nourishing problem solving and teamwork skills, and the different ways to evaluate individual contributions to group activities. Project Mezzo Pieno has been prototyped, implemented with the teacher, and finally tested in a fourth grade class in order to verify the effectiveness of its activities and tools.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/122076