Investigation and numerical modeling of the groundwater level rising in Grandate (Como), Italy

Water is a vital element for agriculture, industry, residential needs and life in general. It is available as superficial source like lakes and rivers and also as underground source with various depths. Anthropogenic activities have had a dramatic effect on volume of the water sources throughout the national territory specially groundwater in terms of rising or falling of its depth. The main objective of this thesis is related to the increasing of groundwater level that was reported on November 2014 in Municipality of Grandate (Como).Therefore, the specific investigations and researches of the groundwater system and geology carried out in Grandate and its surrounding Municipalities in order to identify the hydrogeological sections and define the conceptual site model the aquifers to implement the mathematical model through MOFDLOW software. To obtain this goal, piezometric survey carried out on November 2015 to measure the water level and analyze them in order to making pizometric contour maps and make a conceptual site model of the study area. Then after all of these procedures, the conceptual model was the starting point for implementing a mathematical model that is an effective tool in monitoring and prediction of the behavior of the groundwater bodies to evaluate the effective forecast to prevent the flood phenomena in Grandate Municipality and its surrounding Municipalities. After implementing the mathematical model and making the best automatic calibration with Pest code, it was possible to understand the groundwater body system in Grandate and its surrounding Municipalities. And also it is now ready to be used for forecasting simulations.