The objective of this research is the analysis of the effects of the geometrical error on the SAR data, focusing on the SAR applications that consider the differences between SAR acquisitions of the same scene. In order to do this the dissertation provides a theoretical model by defining the relationship between the difference of the target positioning in two SAR acquisitions and the error of the nominal with respect the actual geometry. The mathematical formulation is applicable both to interferometric and non-interferometric acquisitions; considering that the positioning difference can be measured either as Interferometric (InSAR) phase or as mis-registration shift according to the applications. The analysis of the theoretical model allows to evaluate which components of the geometrical error can be estimated for different configurations of the SAR system, and the theoretical accuracy achievable. All the analyses included in this thesis mainly deal with spaceborne SAR applications. The first part of the dissertation is devoted to the derivation of the theoretical model of the geometrical errors and its verification with simulated data. In particular, this part defines a mathematical formulation of the effects of the geometrical errors on the mis-registration shift in Line-Of-Sight (LOS) and Along-Track (AT) directions in case of interferometric acquisitions. Concerning the non-interferometric case, the LOS mis-registration only will be dealt with. At the end of this part, the InSAR phase contributions due to the Atmospheric Phase Screen (APS) and the target displacement will be analyzed in order to investigate their impact on the geometric parameters retrieval. Two different SAR applications that exploit the suggested theoretical model will be described in the second part of the thesis. The first application uses the AT mis-registration, in the field of the interferometric calibration, to validate the accuracy of the orbit products. As a case study, the results of the orbit error retrieval will be shown for the Sentinel-1 satellite with a particular attention to the TopSAR acquisition mode. Finally, the second application exploits the theoretical model in order to estimate the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) error by using non-interferometric acquisitions. In particular, the reported case study refines the SRTM DEM by an iterative radargrammetric technique applied to high resolution SAR images in X-band. The radargrammetric DEM generated by the suggested technique will be then compared to a photogrammetric DEM available for the area.
L’obbiettivo di questa ricerca è analizzare gli effetti degli errori geometrici sui dati SAR, ed in particolare sulle applicazioni SAR che sfruttano due o più acquisizioni della stessa scena. Per far questo la tesi fornisce un modello teorico che mette in relazione gli errori di posizionamento relativi tra due acquisizioni e gli errori della geometria nominale. La formulazione matematica può essere applicata sia ad acquisizioni interferometriche che radargrammetriche, dato che gli errori di posizionamento relativi possono essere misurati sia tramite la fase interferometrica sia come errori di registrazione tra immagini. L’analisi del modello teorico ha permesso di identificare le componenti degli errori di geometria che possono essere stimati nelle diverse configurazioni dei sistemi SAR e l’accuratezza raggiungibile. Le analisi riportate in questa tesi si occupano principalmente di sistemi SAR satellitari. La tesi può essere fondamentalmente divisa in due parti: la prima parte è dedicata alla derivazione del modello teorico e alla sua verifica con dati simulati. Mentre nella seconda parte il modello è stato impiegato in due differenti applicazioni: una applicazione di calibrazione interferometrica e un’applicazione di raffinamento del modello digitale del terreno tramite radargrammetria. I risultati ottenuti con tre diversi sistemi satellitari hanno dimostrato la validità del modello e la sua applicabilità.
Geometric parameters retrieval in SAR systems
MANCON, SIMONE
Abstract
The objective of this research is the analysis of the effects of the geometrical error on the SAR data, focusing on the SAR applications that consider the differences between SAR acquisitions of the same scene. In order to do this the dissertation provides a theoretical model by defining the relationship between the difference of the target positioning in two SAR acquisitions and the error of the nominal with respect the actual geometry. The mathematical formulation is applicable both to interferometric and non-interferometric acquisitions; considering that the positioning difference can be measured either as Interferometric (InSAR) phase or as mis-registration shift according to the applications. The analysis of the theoretical model allows to evaluate which components of the geometrical error can be estimated for different configurations of the SAR system, and the theoretical accuracy achievable. All the analyses included in this thesis mainly deal with spaceborne SAR applications. The first part of the dissertation is devoted to the derivation of the theoretical model of the geometrical errors and its verification with simulated data. In particular, this part defines a mathematical formulation of the effects of the geometrical errors on the mis-registration shift in Line-Of-Sight (LOS) and Along-Track (AT) directions in case of interferometric acquisitions. Concerning the non-interferometric case, the LOS mis-registration only will be dealt with. At the end of this part, the InSAR phase contributions due to the Atmospheric Phase Screen (APS) and the target displacement will be analyzed in order to investigate their impact on the geometric parameters retrieval. Two different SAR applications that exploit the suggested theoretical model will be described in the second part of the thesis. The first application uses the AT mis-registration, in the field of the interferometric calibration, to validate the accuracy of the orbit products. As a case study, the results of the orbit error retrieval will be shown for the Sentinel-1 satellite with a particular attention to the TopSAR acquisition mode. Finally, the second application exploits the theoretical model in order to estimate the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) error by using non-interferometric acquisitions. In particular, the reported case study refines the SRTM DEM by an iterative radargrammetric technique applied to high resolution SAR images in X-band. The radargrammetric DEM generated by the suggested technique will be then compared to a photogrammetric DEM available for the area.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/122812