The research carried out centers on the industrial areas’ issue, both when they are abandoned, and ongoing the abandonment or in decrease. The pretext, for the administrations’ agenda to examine such debatable and centralized matter, is of a more local nature: Porto Marghera’s Venitian industrial district re-composition, a matter open since its origin (1917). Porto Marghera indeed has an ambiguous connection with its context: first of all with Venice, historic city, Porto Marghera being its industrial offshoot and preferential future, in the second place with the Lagoon and the water in which it reflects increasing itself yet altering the eco-systemic delicate equilibrium, lastly with the mainland where it blends with a badly tolerated split in the agricultural, rural and productive panorama (landscape). Its 100 years of history witnessed an alternate fortune in production activities to the development’s peak in the seventies, a heavy industry’s swansong since then going in relentless decline. The district activities’ present contraction – technological development and economic crisis have, in fact, led to some areas’ progressive abandonment – during the last 25 years, it saw investors (politics, enterprises, academy) exercising in the District’s possible relaunch scenarios. Another subject is the social one, not stressed in this research but being very firm in the contextualized situation. In fact, Porto Marghera maintains ambiguous relationships – being fluctuating – with the civil community perceiving it both as a work opportunity and as root of all evils. However, when Porto Marghera and its future is point of discussion, it’s evident that negativity, pessimism and resignation spice the common imaginary. Further to some personal experiences, both planning and research, starting from the thesis (the “Vallone Moranzani” a planning scenario having landscape significance on a fragment of Porto Marghera) led me to the proposed, defined and developed PhD research subject. Furthermore, working inside Iuav’s Research Unit “abandoned areas and landscape requalification” – that since decades deals with regeneration processes with particular reference to the Venetian industrial district – supplied a vast archive of knowledge and an area of reflections that, at the base of this work, together with the theme’s modernity, brought to a premise and first hypothesis’ clarification. Consequently, the research has a highly local mark because it takes the responsibility of knowledge acquired as well as of the various planning experiences that failed, questioning whether there’s a short circuit, a tangle to clear up to try to activate the regeneration process too often announced and to this date still neglected and that can no longer be eluded, this beyond the territory’s and government’s political-administrative’s reasons. A local start for an expanded reflection and, so to speak global, a least in terms of compromised industrial areas’ regeneration. The relevant frame and the industrial landscape recovery are extensively documented in literature being a fixed presence in the contemporary debate. However, the production object’s relation is often compromised by ideological and aesthetic filters, overlooking instead a building’s refunctioning (typological-constructive) strategies’ interpretations and investigations, especially if thought in connection with its environmental jeopardizing context: the land shaped as a result of reclamations. In fact, a variety of interests, special indications in terms of responsibility, control procedures, management mechanisms and strategies, are present on reclamations. Projects, that have difficulty in being completed, don’t have a positive solution precisely due to these factors, besides the uncertainty of results achievable and to functional ambiguities. However, by inverting factors and changing perspective, the event that the reclamation may also become a preferential and innovative place can be taken in consideration. A place where to recreate interests (public and private) through a morphological-panoramic reconfiguration, that is not only a simple result of chemical-physical operations or security procedures, but a very beginning of chain strategies where the mishap (the uncertainty) is capable of generating virtuous alternatives. Therefore, codify possible government strategies related to the remediation process, so as to bring it back inside an architectural direction, this is one of the aims pursued by this research. Examining the discomfort’s motives and favoring specializations and more technical knowledge to the final representation (that are taken on in their effective-operative significance and not as a field of additional test), other reasons were recovered, it being understood that the Architecture Project’s role and even more so that of the architect’s in its poetic concept of prefiguration are fixed. Reference is made to our work’s responsibility, at Architecture’s political role: in this perspective, maybe it’s of an ethical value what research’s highest aim entails. That is, try to define planning instruments capable of converging different interests, of sharing potentialities and resuming common heritage, objective and opportunity (also private), thus inverting Porto Marghera’s memorable management processes. In order to guard against inexperience and strengthen the starting point, it’s necessary to: make an incisive survey in art’s state, develop strategies for literature’s uncovered phenomena’s illustration as well as for the industrial district’s useful taxonomy, make only apparently distant corrective incursions and multiply views on specialized knowledge, finalizing transformation phase control expedients. Given that the first part of the research was carried out to trace again hypothesis’ plausibility, the second phase concentrated on summarizing acquired knowledge to propose alternatives (expected results); that is to say, for a new awareness that is being reported in the research. This awareness peacefully admits that no sustainable regeneration will be possible unless recovery is taken on right inside the project and its possible forms. The last point was dedicated to a planning experience meant as hypothesis’ and thesis' verification, that were being outlined, and as an occasion to balance and improve the proposal. Thus the studies’ highest result, being experimental, is a finalizing matrix system that permits to verify and relaunch the remediation’s results in connection with functions: a sort of well-delimited platform inside which planning standards will be stated. Scientific languages, an analytic method experimentation, interpretive tools’ finalizing (through representation), together with a prefiguration, permitted “discoveries” made under analysis (mapping) to be readjusted according to a project’s requirements confirming itself in the natural direction and re-composition coordination role. A temporary, more than theoretical, conclusion was reached, bringing back reflection on the binding commitment related to industrial areas being part of urban areas, on opportunities offered by remains and industrial landscape available surfaces, on the need to reconcile interests, on the matter’s unavoidability starting precisely from recoveries.
La ricerca svolta ruota attorno al tema delle aree industriali, siano esse dismesse, in via di dismissione o in contrazione; il pre-testo per indagare una questione tanto dibattuta e centrale nelle agende delle amministrazioni è di natura più locale: la ri-composizione del distretto industriale veneziano di Porto Marghera, questione aperta fin dalla sua genesi (1917). Porto Marghera ha, infatti, un rapporto ambiguo con il suo contesto: in primis con la città storica di Venezia di cui è propaggine industriale e orizzonte preferenziale, in seconda istanza con la Laguna e l’acqua in cui si rispecchia moltiplicandosi eppure alterandone il delicato equilibrio eco-sistemico, infine con la terraferma in cui sfuma con una mal sopportata lacerazione nel paesaggio agricolo, rurale e produttivo. I suoi 100 anni di storia hanno visto un’alterna fortuna delle attività produttive fino all’apice dello sviluppo negli anni settanta, canto del cigno di un’industria pesante da allora in inesorabile declino. L’attuale condizione di contrazione delle attività del distretto – sviluppo tecnologico e crisi economica hanno, infatti, portato a un progressivo abbandono di alcune aree – ha visto negli ultimi 25 anni i portatori di interesse (politica, imprenditoria, accademia) esercitarsi in scenari possibili di rilancio del Distretto. Altro discorso – a latere della presente ricerca ma ben saldo nella realtà contestualizzata – è la questione sociale. Porto Marghera intrattiene, infatti, ambigui – perché altalenanti – rapporti con la società civile che la percepisce sia come opportunità di lavoro, sia come causa di tutti i mali accorsi. È innegabile, tuttavia, che negatività, pessimismo e rassegnazione sia ciò che condisce l’immaginario collettivo quando si parla di Porto Marghera e del suo futuro. Alcune esperienze personali, sia progettuali sia di ricerca, a partire dalla tesi di laurea (uno scenario progettuale con valenza paesaggistica su un frammento di Porto Marghera, il Vallone Moranzani), hanno portato alla proposta, definizione e sviluppo del tema di ricerca per il dottorato. Inoltre, lavorare all’interno della Unità di Ricerca Iuav «aree dismesse e riqualificazione paesaggistica» – che da decenni si occupa di processi di rigenerazione con particolare riferimento al distretto industriale veneziano – ha fornito un archivio di conoscenze e un bacino di riflessioni che, unitamente all’attualità del tema, hanno condotto a una precisazione delle premesse e delle prime ipotesi, alla base di questo lavoro. La ricerca ha dunque un taglio altamente localistico perché si fa carico delle conoscenze acquisite e delle molteplici esperienze progettuali naufragate chiedendosi, al di là delle ragioni politico-amministrative e di governo del territorio, se ci sia qualche cortocircuito, qualche groviglio da dipanare per riuscire a innescare il processo di rigenerazione troppe volte annunciato, ad oggi ancora disatteso e non più eludibile. Una partenza locale per una riflessione allargata e, per così dire globale, almeno in termini di rigenerazione di aree industriali compromesse. La cornice di riferimento, il recupero del paesaggio industriale, è ampiamente documentata in letteratura ed è una presenza stabile nel dibattito contemporaneo, tuttavia il rapporto con il manufatto della produzione è spesso viziato da filtri ideologici ed estetizzanti, tralasciando invece letture e indagini sulle strategie (tipologico-costruttive) di ri-funzionalizzazione di un edificio, soprattutto se pensato in relazione al suo contesto di compromissione ambientale: il suolo modellato per effetto delle bonifiche. Sulle bonifiche intervengono, infatti, una molteplicità di interessi e di specialismi in termini di definizione di responsabilità, procedure di controllo, meccanismi e strategie di gestione. Questi fattori, insieme all’incertezza degli esiti raggiungibili e alle ambiguità funzionali, atrofizzano i Progetti che faticano a trovare compimento. Invertendo i fattori e cambiando prospettiva però, aiutati dalle esperienze già compiute all’estero e in parte anche in Italia, si fa avanti l’ipotesi che la bonifica possa diventare anche un luogo preferenziale – e inedito – dove ricomporre gli interessi (pubblici e privati) attraverso una riconfigurazione morfologico-paesaggistica che non sia solamente mero risultato di operazioni chimico-fisiche o di procedure di messa in sicurezza, ma un incipit di strategie a catena in cui l’incidente (l’incertezza) sia capace di generare alternative virtuose. Codificare dunque possibili strategie di governo del processo di bonifica, così da ricondurlo all’interno di una regia architettonica, è uno degli obiettivi perseguiti da questa ricerca. Indagando le ragioni del malessere e anteponendo specialismi e saperi più tecnici (che si assumono nella loro valenza fattivo-operativa e non come campo di ulteriore sperimentazione) alla figurazione finale, si sono ri-trovate ragioni altre, fermo restando il ruolo del Progetto di Architettura e, ancor di più, il ruolo del progettista nella sua visione poetica della prefigurazione. Si fa riferimento alla responsabilità del nostro lavoro, al ruolo politico dell’Architettura: in questa ottica, forse l’obiettivo più alto che sottende la ricerca è di natura etica, provare cioè a definire strumenti progettuali capaci di far convergere i diversi interessi, di condividere le potenzialità e far tornare il patrimonio collettivo fine e opportunità (anche privata), invertendo così gli storici processi di gestione di Porto Marghera. Per mettersi a riparo da ingenuità e fortificare il punto di partenza, è stato necessario: fare una ricognizione critica nello stato dell’arte, mettere a punto delle strategie per la descrizione dei fenomeni scoperti in letteratura così come per una utile tassonomia del distretto industriale, fare incursioni solo apparentemente lontane dal disciplinare e moltiplicare gli sguardi su saperi specialistici, mettere a punto espedienti di controllo delle fasi di trasformazioni. Se la prima parte della ricerca è stata volta a ritracciare la plausibilità delle ipotesi (le bonifiche quale casus belli) la seconda fase si è concentrata nel fare sintesi delle conoscenze acquisite per prospettare delle alternative (risultati attesi), vale a dire per una nuova consapevolezza, di cui si rendiconta nella ricerca, che ammetta serenamente che non sarà possibile alcuna rigenerazione sostenibile se non si assume la bonifica, e le sue forme possibili, all’interno del progetto. Un ultimo momento è stato dedicato a una esperienza progettuale (ex Malteria Adriatica) intesa come verifica delle ipotesi e delle tesi che si andavano delineando e quale occasione per bilanciare e affinare la proposta. In tal senso il risultato più alto degli studi, perché sperimentale, è la messa a punto di un sistema matriciale che permetta di verificare e rilanciare gli esiti della bonifica in relazione alle funzioni: una sorta di piattaforma ben circoscritta all’interno della quale declinare i paradigmi progettuali che si assumono come invarianti. I linguaggi scientifici, la sperimentazione di un metodo analitico, la messa a punto di strumenti interpretativi (attraverso la rappresentazione), unitamente a una prefigurazione, hanno permesso di ricalibrare le “scoperte” fatte in fase di analisi (mappatura) con le necessità di un progetto che si conferma nel ruolo di naturale regia e coordinamento di ri-composizone. Si è giunti a una conclusione, temporale più che teorica, che riconduce la riflessione sulla cogenza della questione delle aree industriali inscritte in aree metropolitane, sulle opportunità offerte dai reliquati e dalle superfici disponibili di paesaggio industriale, sulla necessità di riconciliare gli interessi, sulla ineludibilità della questione a partire dalle bonifiche.
Potenzialità contese. Porto Marghera, una questione di metodo
PERON, IRENE
Abstract
The research carried out centers on the industrial areas’ issue, both when they are abandoned, and ongoing the abandonment or in decrease. The pretext, for the administrations’ agenda to examine such debatable and centralized matter, is of a more local nature: Porto Marghera’s Venitian industrial district re-composition, a matter open since its origin (1917). Porto Marghera indeed has an ambiguous connection with its context: first of all with Venice, historic city, Porto Marghera being its industrial offshoot and preferential future, in the second place with the Lagoon and the water in which it reflects increasing itself yet altering the eco-systemic delicate equilibrium, lastly with the mainland where it blends with a badly tolerated split in the agricultural, rural and productive panorama (landscape). Its 100 years of history witnessed an alternate fortune in production activities to the development’s peak in the seventies, a heavy industry’s swansong since then going in relentless decline. The district activities’ present contraction – technological development and economic crisis have, in fact, led to some areas’ progressive abandonment – during the last 25 years, it saw investors (politics, enterprises, academy) exercising in the District’s possible relaunch scenarios. Another subject is the social one, not stressed in this research but being very firm in the contextualized situation. In fact, Porto Marghera maintains ambiguous relationships – being fluctuating – with the civil community perceiving it both as a work opportunity and as root of all evils. However, when Porto Marghera and its future is point of discussion, it’s evident that negativity, pessimism and resignation spice the common imaginary. Further to some personal experiences, both planning and research, starting from the thesis (the “Vallone Moranzani” a planning scenario having landscape significance on a fragment of Porto Marghera) led me to the proposed, defined and developed PhD research subject. Furthermore, working inside Iuav’s Research Unit “abandoned areas and landscape requalification” – that since decades deals with regeneration processes with particular reference to the Venetian industrial district – supplied a vast archive of knowledge and an area of reflections that, at the base of this work, together with the theme’s modernity, brought to a premise and first hypothesis’ clarification. Consequently, the research has a highly local mark because it takes the responsibility of knowledge acquired as well as of the various planning experiences that failed, questioning whether there’s a short circuit, a tangle to clear up to try to activate the regeneration process too often announced and to this date still neglected and that can no longer be eluded, this beyond the territory’s and government’s political-administrative’s reasons. A local start for an expanded reflection and, so to speak global, a least in terms of compromised industrial areas’ regeneration. The relevant frame and the industrial landscape recovery are extensively documented in literature being a fixed presence in the contemporary debate. However, the production object’s relation is often compromised by ideological and aesthetic filters, overlooking instead a building’s refunctioning (typological-constructive) strategies’ interpretations and investigations, especially if thought in connection with its environmental jeopardizing context: the land shaped as a result of reclamations. In fact, a variety of interests, special indications in terms of responsibility, control procedures, management mechanisms and strategies, are present on reclamations. Projects, that have difficulty in being completed, don’t have a positive solution precisely due to these factors, besides the uncertainty of results achievable and to functional ambiguities. However, by inverting factors and changing perspective, the event that the reclamation may also become a preferential and innovative place can be taken in consideration. A place where to recreate interests (public and private) through a morphological-panoramic reconfiguration, that is not only a simple result of chemical-physical operations or security procedures, but a very beginning of chain strategies where the mishap (the uncertainty) is capable of generating virtuous alternatives. Therefore, codify possible government strategies related to the remediation process, so as to bring it back inside an architectural direction, this is one of the aims pursued by this research. Examining the discomfort’s motives and favoring specializations and more technical knowledge to the final representation (that are taken on in their effective-operative significance and not as a field of additional test), other reasons were recovered, it being understood that the Architecture Project’s role and even more so that of the architect’s in its poetic concept of prefiguration are fixed. Reference is made to our work’s responsibility, at Architecture’s political role: in this perspective, maybe it’s of an ethical value what research’s highest aim entails. That is, try to define planning instruments capable of converging different interests, of sharing potentialities and resuming common heritage, objective and opportunity (also private), thus inverting Porto Marghera’s memorable management processes. In order to guard against inexperience and strengthen the starting point, it’s necessary to: make an incisive survey in art’s state, develop strategies for literature’s uncovered phenomena’s illustration as well as for the industrial district’s useful taxonomy, make only apparently distant corrective incursions and multiply views on specialized knowledge, finalizing transformation phase control expedients. Given that the first part of the research was carried out to trace again hypothesis’ plausibility, the second phase concentrated on summarizing acquired knowledge to propose alternatives (expected results); that is to say, for a new awareness that is being reported in the research. This awareness peacefully admits that no sustainable regeneration will be possible unless recovery is taken on right inside the project and its possible forms. The last point was dedicated to a planning experience meant as hypothesis’ and thesis' verification, that were being outlined, and as an occasion to balance and improve the proposal. Thus the studies’ highest result, being experimental, is a finalizing matrix system that permits to verify and relaunch the remediation’s results in connection with functions: a sort of well-delimited platform inside which planning standards will be stated. Scientific languages, an analytic method experimentation, interpretive tools’ finalizing (through representation), together with a prefiguration, permitted “discoveries” made under analysis (mapping) to be readjusted according to a project’s requirements confirming itself in the natural direction and re-composition coordination role. A temporary, more than theoretical, conclusion was reached, bringing back reflection on the binding commitment related to industrial areas being part of urban areas, on opportunities offered by remains and industrial landscape available surfaces, on the need to reconcile interests, on the matter’s unavoidability starting precisely from recoveries.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2016_07_PhD_Peron_01.pdf
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Descrizione: 01- metodo, stato dell'arte e caso studio
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2016_07_PHD_Peron_02.pdf
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Descrizione: 02- caso studio, sperimentazone progettuale
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2016_07_PhD_Peron_03.pdf
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Descrizione: 04- progetto (L,XL), sintesi e traduzione dei risultati
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/122895