This thesis has the aim to propose a design and validation approach of the emergency management system as supportive tool for emergency managers in charge of planning, coordinating and validating the emergency plan and all the actions carried out to cope with a critical situation. Therefore a novel risk-based design method is proposed and demonstrated through the application in a real use case of a European airport emergency management: the Linate use case. The entire work is based on a rational and structured approach to the evaluation and modeling of the procedure performed during an emergency event in a risk analysis oriented way, concerning the communication flow, command and control management, actors involved and their tasks, different possibilities the chosen scenario presents. Our proposal aims at overcoming some of the limitations of validation methods, both traditional and novel ones, currently used in the specific context of emergency response management, planning and design. The three main phases on which the approach is based are the following: system understanding, system functioning schematization and risk analysis. A deep system study is necessary to proceed, since the modeling and therefore the results are strictly related to the analyst awareness of the process. System functioning schematization actually facilitates the understanding and the creation of the needed file to the risk analysis. Moreover it is a highly valuable instrument for system management, comprehension and organization. A.L.B.A. approach has been proposed as risk analysis tool for its capability to cope with the need for flexibility requested by the process, the ability of outlining several system’s behaviors with a moderate time and economical request. Downstream, the approach leads to the critical functions highlighting. Implementing some proposals the analyst can assess which one is the best solution that optimized cost and risk reduction for the analyzed system. As regards the Linate use case the organizational and communication related solution resulted to be the optimal one, probably also because of the chosen level of analysis. Nevertheless the result seems to be coherent with specialists’ opinions and academic evidences that outline these features as the most difficult and complex to manage, and strictly related to the success or failure of the system. Finally it is suggested to always reinforce the approach with a phenomenological evaluation or other methods retained appropriate by the analyst to reach its objective.
La tesi ha lo scopo di proporre un approccio di progettazione e validazione dei sistemi di gestione delle emergenze inteso come uno strumento di supporto per gli Emergency managers al fine di pianificare, coordinare e validare il piano di emergenza e tutte le azioni che sono effettuate per far fronte alla situazione critica. Pertanto, un nuovo metodo di progettazione basato sull’analisi di rischio è proposto e dimostrato attraverso la sua applicazione in un contesto reale, quale il sistema di gestione delle emergenze in un aeroporto europeo: l’aeroporto di Linate. L’intero lavoro è basato su un approccio razionale e strutturato per la valutazione e modellazione orientata all’analisi del rischio della procedura utilizzata durante un evento emergenziale, comprendente il flusso comunicativo, la gestione di commando e controllo, gli attori coinvolti e i loro compiti e le differenti possibilità che lo scenario scelto presentano. La nostra proposta si pone l’obiettivo di superare alcune delle limitazioni presenti nei metodi di valutazione, sia tradizionali sia recenti, correntemente utilizzati nel contesto specifico della gestione, pianificazione e progettazione della risposta all’emergenza. Le tre principali fasi che compongono l’approccio sono: la comprensione del Sistema, la schematizzazione funzionale del sistema, e l’analisi del rischio. Poiché la comprensione del sistema da parte dell’analista influenza la modellazione ed i risultati conseguiti, è necessario un approfondito studio del sistema. La schematizzazione funzionale del sistema facilita la comprensione e la creazione del file necessario per la conduzione dell’analisi del rischio. Inoltre, è anche uno strumento importante per gestire il sistema, comprenderlo e organizzarlo. L’approccio A.L.B.A. è stato proposto per la sua capacità di adeguamento alla flessibilità richiesta dal sistema analizzato, l’abilità di delineare diversi comportamenti del sistema in un tempo limitato e la capacità di valutare la richiesta economica. A valle, l’approccio A.L.B.A guida all’identificazione delle funzioni critiche. Implementando alcune soluzioni, l’analista può valutare quale di esse risulta essere la migliore, ottimizzando i costi e riducendo il rischio del sistema analizzato. Per quanto riguarda il caso analizzato dell’aeroporto di Linate, la soluzione relativa all’organizzazione e alla comunicazione è quella ottimale, probabilmente dovuta al livello di analisi scelto. Nonostante ciò, il risultato è coerente con il parere di alcuni esperti e con le evidenze accademiche, che sottolineano come queste caratteristiche sono le più difficili e complesse da gestire, e sono strettamente legate al successo o fallimento del sistema. Concludendo, si suggerisce di rinforzare l’approccio proposto utilizzando una valutazione fenomenologica o altri metodi ritenuti appropriati dall’analista.
Risk-based (re)design of the emergency management system : the Linate Airport use case
CRESPI, SARA
2015/2016
Abstract
This thesis has the aim to propose a design and validation approach of the emergency management system as supportive tool for emergency managers in charge of planning, coordinating and validating the emergency plan and all the actions carried out to cope with a critical situation. Therefore a novel risk-based design method is proposed and demonstrated through the application in a real use case of a European airport emergency management: the Linate use case. The entire work is based on a rational and structured approach to the evaluation and modeling of the procedure performed during an emergency event in a risk analysis oriented way, concerning the communication flow, command and control management, actors involved and their tasks, different possibilities the chosen scenario presents. Our proposal aims at overcoming some of the limitations of validation methods, both traditional and novel ones, currently used in the specific context of emergency response management, planning and design. The three main phases on which the approach is based are the following: system understanding, system functioning schematization and risk analysis. A deep system study is necessary to proceed, since the modeling and therefore the results are strictly related to the analyst awareness of the process. System functioning schematization actually facilitates the understanding and the creation of the needed file to the risk analysis. Moreover it is a highly valuable instrument for system management, comprehension and organization. A.L.B.A. approach has been proposed as risk analysis tool for its capability to cope with the need for flexibility requested by the process, the ability of outlining several system’s behaviors with a moderate time and economical request. Downstream, the approach leads to the critical functions highlighting. Implementing some proposals the analyst can assess which one is the best solution that optimized cost and risk reduction for the analyzed system. As regards the Linate use case the organizational and communication related solution resulted to be the optimal one, probably also because of the chosen level of analysis. Nevertheless the result seems to be coherent with specialists’ opinions and academic evidences that outline these features as the most difficult and complex to manage, and strictly related to the success or failure of the system. Finally it is suggested to always reinforce the approach with a phenomenological evaluation or other methods retained appropriate by the analyst to reach its objective.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/123083