Microseisms have been studied for almost a century and many observations confirmed a close connection of seismic ambient noise with disturbed weather over the sea. Several studies in the past decades reconstructed wave parameters such as significant wave height, mean wave period and source location from seismic records, demonstrating how ocean wave microseisms could aid coastal defense studies, climate changes research or even direct wave measurements where satellites and buoys techniques are not sufficient. The majority of microseismic research have been based on inland seismometers, so the deployment of Ocean Bottom Seismometers, by the Cascadia Initiative, represents a unique opportunity to broaden microseismic studies with in-situ observations. This work aims to quantify how accurately the backprojection method can image potential microseismic sources from cross correlations of OBSs data. A comparison between what can be retrieved from land based and ocean bottom based instruments is also an aim of this thesis. The backprojection demonstrated a fair degree of accuracy in locating microseismic sources for monthly stacked data whereas, on a daily basis, only particularly energetic events could be resolved. In contrast to what can be retrieved from land based seismometers, the method was able to distinguish between coastal and mid-ocean potential sources of microseismic surface waves with different characteristics in terms of generation process. In near shore generation regions, in fact, wave re ections of the coast had a key role while sources located in the mid-Paci c were due to interactions between waves from separate storms. In spite of this, some intrinsic limitations of the method did not permit any correlation between seismic amplitudes and ocean parameters, suggesting the need for future developments to improve the retrieval of wave information from OBSs.
I microsismi hanno costituito oggetto di studio per quasi un secolo e svariate osservazioni hanno confermato una connessione tra rumore ambientale e tempeste in mare. Negli ultimi decenni molti studi si sono concentrati sul ricavare, da segnali sismici, parametri d'onda quali altezza significativa, periodo medio e zona di origine, dimostrando come microsismi generati da onde in mare possano supportare progetti di protezione costiera, studi su cambiamenti climatici o costituire uno strumento di misura laddove satelliti o boe risultino insuffcienti. Attualmente gli stumenti utilizzati per lo studio di tali fenomeni sono principalmente sismometri su terraferma, il che rende il dispiegamento di Ocean Bottom Seismometers, da parte della Cascadia Initiative, un'occasione unica per ampliare le conoscenze in questo ambito tramite osservazioni in sito. Questo lavoro punta dunque a quantificare l'accuratezza con la quale è possibile localizzare potenziali sorgenti di segnali microsismici tramite backprojection di tracce sismiche provenienti da OBSs. Un secondo obiettivo è quello di confrontare le informazioni ottenute da sismometri su terraferma e sul fondo del mare in modo da indagare eventuali differenze. La backprojection ha dimostrato un buon livello di accuratezza nel localizzare sorgenti microsismiche su base mensile mentre, su base giornaliera, solamente eventi particolarmente energetici sono risultati risolvibili. Al contrario di quanto è possibile osservare con strumenti su terraferma, il metodo qui utilizzato ha consentito di distinguere tra microsismi provenienti da zone costiere e off-shore caratterizzati da meccanismi generativi differenti. In acque meno profonde, infatti, le ri essioni di onde da parte della linea costiera giocano un ruolo fondamentale nel meccanismo di generazione dei segnali registrati, mentre sorgenti localizzate nel mezzo del Pacifico sono state ricollegate a interazioni tra moti ondosi dovuti a tempeste distinte. Nonostante la buona performance del metodo, alcune limitazioni intrinseche non hanno permesso correlazioni tra ampiezze sismiche e altezze significative d'onda suggerendo la necessità di sviluppi futuri volti a migliorare la ricostruzione di parametri d'onda partendo da OBS.
Ocean wave micro seisms observed by the Cascadia array
LAMBRI, LORENZO
2015/2016
Abstract
Microseisms have been studied for almost a century and many observations confirmed a close connection of seismic ambient noise with disturbed weather over the sea. Several studies in the past decades reconstructed wave parameters such as significant wave height, mean wave period and source location from seismic records, demonstrating how ocean wave microseisms could aid coastal defense studies, climate changes research or even direct wave measurements where satellites and buoys techniques are not sufficient. The majority of microseismic research have been based on inland seismometers, so the deployment of Ocean Bottom Seismometers, by the Cascadia Initiative, represents a unique opportunity to broaden microseismic studies with in-situ observations. This work aims to quantify how accurately the backprojection method can image potential microseismic sources from cross correlations of OBSs data. A comparison between what can be retrieved from land based and ocean bottom based instruments is also an aim of this thesis. The backprojection demonstrated a fair degree of accuracy in locating microseismic sources for monthly stacked data whereas, on a daily basis, only particularly energetic events could be resolved. In contrast to what can be retrieved from land based seismometers, the method was able to distinguish between coastal and mid-ocean potential sources of microseismic surface waves with different characteristics in terms of generation process. In near shore generation regions, in fact, wave re ections of the coast had a key role while sources located in the mid-Paci c were due to interactions between waves from separate storms. In spite of this, some intrinsic limitations of the method did not permit any correlation between seismic amplitudes and ocean parameters, suggesting the need for future developments to improve the retrieval of wave information from OBSs.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
2016_07_Lambri.pdf
accessibile in internet solo dagli utenti autorizzati
Descrizione: Testo della tesi
Dimensione
17.09 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
17.09 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in POLITesi sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/10589/123348