The present work focuses on the modeling of a state-of-the-art scroll- type volumetric expander. The model, based on experimental data from scientific literature regarding a hermetic scroll expander operating with HFC-245fa, simulates the operation and the performance of a machine characterized by its geometrical displacement and built-in volume ratio. The HFC-245fa refrigerant fluid, while presenting zero ODP, is characterized by a high GWP100 equal to 1030. Studies in the literature identified in HCFO-1233zd and HFO-1234zeZ as natural substitutes for HFC-245fa due to their zero ODP, GWP100 at less than three orders of magnitude and negligible ALT. The model was then modified by introducing a methodology for calculating the overall heat transfer coefficients, based on the Reynolds analogy, that simulates the working of the expander both with pure fluids differing from reference fluid, and with binary mixtures. Initially the performances of the candidate fluids for substituting HFC-245fa were analyzed, then the attention was paid to binary mixtures, in particular to the zeotropic mixtures characterized by a temperature glide during the phase transition at constant pressure, in order to verify if could be relevant for low power applications ORC. We selected fourth-generation mixtures composed of hydro-fluoro-olefins, mixtures of hydro-fluoro-carbons with basic HFC-245fa and mixtures of per-fluoro-carbides, also characterized by zero ODP. The expander was put into a simulation model of an ORC cycle and its performance was evaluated by changing the working fluid and by increasing levels of power: 1kW, 1.5kW and 2kW. The results showed the particular behavior of some mixtures of hydro-fluoro-olefins as the mixture leads to a decrease in the maximum temperature of the cycle and therefore the possibility of exploiting heat sources at a lower temperature.
Il presente lavoro di tesi si focalizza sulla modellazione in ambiente Matlab di un espansore volumetrico di tipo scroll esistente allo stato dell’arte. Il modello, basato su dati sperimentali presenti in letteratura relativi ad un espansore scroll ermetico operante con HFC-245fa, simula il funzionamento e le performances di una macchina definita nei suoi parametri geometrici di cilindrata e built-in volume ratio. Il fluido refrigerante HFC-245fa pur presentando ODP nullo è caratterizzato da un GWP100 elevato, fino a 1030. Studi presenti in letteratura individuano in HCFO-1233zd e HFO-1234zeZ i naturali sostituti di HFC-245fa in quanto caratterizzati da ODP nullo, GWP100 inferiore di tre ordini di grandezza e ALT trascurabile. Il modello è stato quindi modificato introducendo una metodologia di calcolo dei coefficienti di scambio termico globale basata sull’analogia di Reynolds che consente di simulare il funzionamento dell’espansore con fluidi diversi da quello di riferimento, siano essi puri o miscele binarie. In prima istanza sono state analizzate le performances dei fluidi candidati alla sostituzione di HFC-245fa, successivamente l’attenzione è stata rivolta alle miscele binarie, in particolar modo alle miscele zeotropiche caratterizzate da transizione di fase non isotermobarica, con l’intento di verificare se potessero risultare interessanti per applicazioni ORC di bassa potenza. Sono state selezionate miscele di quarta generazione composte da idro-fluoro-olefine, miscele di idro-fluoro-carburi con base HFC-245fa e miscele di per-fluoro-carburi, anch’essi caratterizzati da ODP nullo. L’espansore è stato inserito in un modello di simulazione di un ciclo ORC del quale si sono verificate le performances, al variare del fluido di lavoro, per livelli crescenti di potenza: 1 kW, 1.5 kW e 2 kW. I risultati hanno evidenziato il particolare comportamento di alcune miscele composte da idro-fluoro-olefine per le quali la miscelazione comporta una diminuzione della temperatura massima di ciclo e quindi la possibilità di sfruttare sorgenti di calore a più bassa temperatura a fronte della medesima potenza all’espansore.
Simulazione delle prestazioni di un espansore volumetrico al variante del fluido di lavoro
PEZZUTO, DAVIDE
2015/2016
Abstract
The present work focuses on the modeling of a state-of-the-art scroll- type volumetric expander. The model, based on experimental data from scientific literature regarding a hermetic scroll expander operating with HFC-245fa, simulates the operation and the performance of a machine characterized by its geometrical displacement and built-in volume ratio. The HFC-245fa refrigerant fluid, while presenting zero ODP, is characterized by a high GWP100 equal to 1030. Studies in the literature identified in HCFO-1233zd and HFO-1234zeZ as natural substitutes for HFC-245fa due to their zero ODP, GWP100 at less than three orders of magnitude and negligible ALT. The model was then modified by introducing a methodology for calculating the overall heat transfer coefficients, based on the Reynolds analogy, that simulates the working of the expander both with pure fluids differing from reference fluid, and with binary mixtures. Initially the performances of the candidate fluids for substituting HFC-245fa were analyzed, then the attention was paid to binary mixtures, in particular to the zeotropic mixtures characterized by a temperature glide during the phase transition at constant pressure, in order to verify if could be relevant for low power applications ORC. We selected fourth-generation mixtures composed of hydro-fluoro-olefins, mixtures of hydro-fluoro-carbons with basic HFC-245fa and mixtures of per-fluoro-carbides, also characterized by zero ODP. The expander was put into a simulation model of an ORC cycle and its performance was evaluated by changing the working fluid and by increasing levels of power: 1kW, 1.5kW and 2kW. The results showed the particular behavior of some mixtures of hydro-fluoro-olefins as the mixture leads to a decrease in the maximum temperature of the cycle and therefore the possibility of exploiting heat sources at a lower temperature.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
Tesi Pezzuto Davide caricamento.pdf
non accessibile
Descrizione: tesi
Dimensione
10.5 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
10.5 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in POLITesi sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/10589/124981