Renewable Energy Sources (RES) are the perfect tool to realize the European energy policies. However the strong adoption of these sources is transforming the traditional hierarchical paradigm of the electricity sector in a new system focused on Distributed Generation (DG). This new system requires innovative management approaches that allow a real integration of RES in the electricity industry. This goal is achievable thanks to the Smart Grid. Recent measures of the Italian Energy Regulator confirm that the Smart Grid will develop in parallel to the DG. Moreover, the Authority proposes, for the first time, a selective and output-based incentivisation of the innovative systems in distribution networks. This thesis analyzes a functionality of the Smart Distribution System: the voltage regulation and the observability of power flows and state of resources in the MV networks. The objective of this regulation is to control active and reactive power of DG making use of the possibilities offered by the Smart Grid. The thesis presents a feasibility study of these innovative functions. First of all, in addition to the Authority’s selective criterion, a "quick & dirty" index has been created to allow Distribution System Operators (DSOs) to establish a ranking of critical networks. Several ad- justment algorithms have been created which include the possibility to control the active users of the network. In addition, a pratical methodology has been defined for the optimal placement of sentinel sites: points of the distribution network that facilitates the voltage regulation providing information regarding the network and the weather. Later this adjustment has been tested on a real MV network, which are reconstructed in detail. Finally, an investment analysis has been set to check the viability of the project in presence of incentives. The study shows that a regulation based on an estimate of the state of electricity network, integrated with some measures from the field (nowcasting), allows a significant improvement in voltage profiles, real–time management of the network and Hosting Capacity.
Le Fonti Energetiche Rinnovabili (FER) sono lo strumento perfetto per attuare le politiche energetiche europee. Il forte impiego di queste fonti però sta trasformando il tradizionale paradigma gerarchico del settore elettrico in un nuovo sistema incentrato sulla Generazione Diffusa (GD). Questo nuovo sistema richiede approcci gestionali innovativi che consentano una reale integrazione delle FER nella filiera elettrica. Tale traguardo è conseguibile grazie alla Smart Grid. Recenti provvedimenti dell’Autorità per l'energia elettrica confermano che le Smart Grid si svilupperanno parallelamente alla GD. Inoltre l’Autorità propone, per la prima volta, un’incentivazione selettiva e output-based dei sistemi innovativi nelle reti distribuzione MT. Questa tesi analizza due funzionalità degli Smart Distribution System: la regolazione di tensione e la osservabilità delle risorse diffuse delle reti di distribuzione MT. L’obiettivo di questa regolazione è il controllo della potenza attiva e reattiva della DG valendosi delle possibilità offerte dalla Smart Grid. La tesi illustra un studio di fattibilità di queste funzionalità innovative. Innanzitutto, in aggiunta al criterio selettivo dell’Autorità, è stato creato un indicatore “quick & dirty” che consente ai distributori (DSO) di stilare una classifica di criticità delle reti. Sono stati creati diversi algoritmi di regolazione che includono la possibilità di regolazione attraverso gli utenti attivi della rete. Inoltre, è stata definita una metodologia pratica per l’ottimale collocazione dei siti sentinella: punti della rete di distribuzione che agevolano la regolazione della tensione fornendo informazioni sulla rete e sul meteo. Successivamente tale regolazione è stata testata su una rete MT reale dettagliatamente ricostruita. Infine, è stata impostata una analisi degli investimenti per verificare la sostenibilità economica del progetto in presenza della incentivazione. Lo studio dimostra che una regolazione basata su una stima dello stato della rete elettrica, integrata con alcune misure dal campo, permette un notevole miglioramento dei profili di tensione, della gestione in tempo reale della rete e della Hosting Capacity.
Smart distribution system : technical and economic analysis of the medium voltage regulation and observability functions
BARILLI, RICCARDO
2015/2016
Abstract
Renewable Energy Sources (RES) are the perfect tool to realize the European energy policies. However the strong adoption of these sources is transforming the traditional hierarchical paradigm of the electricity sector in a new system focused on Distributed Generation (DG). This new system requires innovative management approaches that allow a real integration of RES in the electricity industry. This goal is achievable thanks to the Smart Grid. Recent measures of the Italian Energy Regulator confirm that the Smart Grid will develop in parallel to the DG. Moreover, the Authority proposes, for the first time, a selective and output-based incentivisation of the innovative systems in distribution networks. This thesis analyzes a functionality of the Smart Distribution System: the voltage regulation and the observability of power flows and state of resources in the MV networks. The objective of this regulation is to control active and reactive power of DG making use of the possibilities offered by the Smart Grid. The thesis presents a feasibility study of these innovative functions. First of all, in addition to the Authority’s selective criterion, a "quick & dirty" index has been created to allow Distribution System Operators (DSOs) to establish a ranking of critical networks. Several ad- justment algorithms have been created which include the possibility to control the active users of the network. In addition, a pratical methodology has been defined for the optimal placement of sentinel sites: points of the distribution network that facilitates the voltage regulation providing information regarding the network and the weather. Later this adjustment has been tested on a real MV network, which are reconstructed in detail. Finally, an investment analysis has been set to check the viability of the project in presence of incentives. The study shows that a regulation based on an estimate of the state of electricity network, integrated with some measures from the field (nowcasting), allows a significant improvement in voltage profiles, real–time management of the network and Hosting Capacity.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2016_9_BARILLI.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/125463