The economical decline of these last years, overlapping the difficulties of generational change in some contexts with low native birth, which is only partially rebalanced by the new migrational flows, has accelerated the phenomena of abandon and slow re-generation of places, even in recently built areas. More than other historical periods, in fact, the last century has devised to us a serious variety of building constructions, mainly of ordinary type, deposited through a very short amount of time, and purely because of functional rules lacking a composite research to support a building fabric with forward-looking urban logics. Nevertheless, these very changes have revealed interesting capacity of reaction, often encouraged by self-managed interventions by individuals or communities, which have released new energies and opportunities of renewing the codes. This scenery has led to entirely re-thinking new tools and devices to control the urban space. The role of the urban projects tends to abandon the spatial and temporal finite shape of the architectural design, in favor of planning strategies that are moving towards obtaining the renewal through light interventions. Punctual, diffused and of small scale, their interrelation can re-activate the in-between space of the urban fabric in its large scale. This also means to go beyond the logic of acupuncture, conceiving instead a complex vision of the city - or a part of the city - to work with a general background idea through meaningful crucial points, according to a dual tension of scale. The main theoretical references of such approach are to find in the historical definition by Bruno Zevi of “Renovatio Urbis” about the Erculea addiction in Ferrara, as well as in the contemporary urban plans for Antwerp by Secchi and Viganò, up to the plan suggested by David Brown for Chicago, the “Available City”. They advise to go beyond the inter-scale relationship among elements, addressing also to an idea of porous and transparent city, in a different relationship between interior/exterior, aiming to re-activate micro-urban spaces, both public and private, so that even those ones can become collective places of the city, embracing Manuel de Sola Morales’s lesson: “And thus it is possible for these splendid opportunities to enrich the city with avenues, parks, ring roads, stadium, museums and architectural scenery, all of undeniable value, to lead to a raising of tone of the city in general that results in hypertrophy of public space. The importance of latter does not lie, of course, in its size, quantity or symbolic role, but in the way that it links together private spaces, making them in turn part of the collective resources. Bestowing an urban, public character on buildings and places that would otherwise remain solely private. Urbanizing the private, that is the concept: in other words, absorbing it into the public sphere.” (M. De Sola Morales, Public space- collective space, Lotus quaderns, pag. 43.) The global cities, the great “westernized” metropolis, are clearly showing this rapid economical and social change, therefore they can become interesting research laboratories. Especially Tokyo can be considered a paradigmatic case: its urban fabric has experienced substantial modification connected to this process, since the 1960s. Saskia Sassen designates it, with London and New York, a key position in the highly specialized services and in the production of innovation which have determined a privileged financial-economical geography, with gradual resonance on the other global centers. This international character of the urbanization however has not replaced the local habits and the traditional values of the city, that are surviving and handed down from one generation to another between the gaps of its residential fabrics, the only ones of which the scale has not been modified yet. This has led to the diffusion of a wide urban fabric constituted by small elements, defined by short buildings and small urban voids, sometimes even located next to buildings and fabrics that are part of a larger scale and more similar to many other western metropolis. Thus, such urban specificities of the context appear perfect to investigate how and through which strategies a small scale architectural project can re-activate the social and urban fabric of a district displaying a strong tendency to be abandoned, like the one of Asakusa, where the aging social fabric represents one of the major issues.
Negli ultimi anni la decrescita economica, con le difficoltà di cambio generazionale in alcuni contesti, ha accelerato i fenomeni di abbandono e reso pi lenta la rigenerazione, anche nei luoghi di costruzione più recente. Infatti, più che in altri periodi storici, il secolo scorso ci ha lasciato in eredità una grande quantità di materiale edilizio, prevalentemente ordinario, depositato in un arco di tempo brevissimo, secondo regole puramente funzionali senza una ricerca composita volta alla costruzione di un tessuto edilizio ordinato da logiche urbane lungimiranti. Nonostante questo, proprio questi cambiamenti hanno fatto emergere interessanti capacità di reazione, spesso inizialmente stimolate da interventi autogestiti da singoli o comunità, le quali hanno liberato nuove energie e possibilità di rinnovare i linguaggi, Questo scenario ha spinto a ripensare gli strumenti e i dispositivi di controllo dello spazio urbano. Il ruolo dei progetti urbani sembra volto ad abbandonare un disegno architettonico chiuso nella forma spaziale e nel tempo, per guardare invece a strategie progettuali che si muovono verso il rinnovamento ottenuto attraverso interventi leggeri, puntuali e diffusi a piccola scala, la cui interrelazione può riattivare lo spazio in-between del tessuto urbano alla grande scala. Ciò significa anche superare la logica della cosiddetta agopuntura, per guardare invece ad un progetto complesso della città o di una parte di essa che operi con un’idea generale di sfondo attraverso punti nodali significativi, secondo una duplice tensione scalare. I principali riferimenti teorici di questo approccio, attingono alla storica definizione di Bruno Zevi di “renovatio Urbis” per descrivere l’addizione Erculea di Ferrara, fino ad arrivare ai contemporanei piani urbani per Anversa di Secchi e Viganò. Per passare al piano suggerito per Chicago, Available City, da D. Brown. Questi suggeriscono interessanti caratteristiche, che vanno oltre al rapporto interscalare tra gli elementi, coinvolgono anche un’idea di città porosa e trasparente, in un diverso rapporto tra interno ed esterno, che mira ad attivare micro-spazi urbani pubblici ma anche privati in modo che anche questi ultimi, seguendo la lezione di Manuel de Sola Morales, possano diventare luoghi collettivi della città: “And thus it is possible for these splendid opportunities to enrich the city with avenues, parks, ring roads, stadium, museums and architectural scenery, all of undeniable value, to lead to a raising of tone of the city in general that results in hypertrophy of public space. The importance of latter does not lie, of course, in its size, quantity or symbolic role, but inthe way tjat it links together private spaces, making them in turn part of the collective resources. Bestowing an urban, public character on buildings and places tha would otherwise remain solely private. Urbanizing the private, that is the concept : in other words, absorbing it into the public sphere.” (M. De Sola Morales, Public space- collective space, Lotus quaderns, pag. 43.) Le città globali, le grandi metropoli “occidentalizzate”, stanno mostrando in modo evidente questo rapido cambiamento, economico e sociale, e possono perciò diventare interessanti laboratori di ricerca. Tokyo, risulta una città paradigmatica. Il suo tessuto urbano, sin dagli anni ’60, ha subito delle alterazioni fortissime legate a questo processo. Saskia Sassen la include con Londra e New York in una posizione chiave nei servizi altamente specializzati e nella produzione di innovazione che hanno determinato una geografia economico-finanziaria privilegiata, con risonanze graduali sugli altri centri globali. Di contro, questo carattere internazionale dell’urbanizzazione non ha soppiantato le abitudini e i valori tradizionali della città, che sopravvivono e si tramandano tra gli interstizi dei suoi tessuti residenziali, ancora non modificati nella loro scala. Ciò ha portato oggi alla costituzione di un esteso tessuto urbano, costituito da parti di tessuto minuto, definito da piccoli edifici e vuoti urbani, i quali si scontrano anche nelle adiacenze più immediate con tessuti edilizi di grande scala, più simili a molte altre metropoli occidentali. Questo contesto appare perciò perfetto per approfondire una ricerca volta a indagare come e con quali strategie, all’interno di quartieri con una forte tendenza all'abbandono come Asakusa, il progetto architettonico alla piccola scala possa riattivare il suo tessuto urbano e sociale, composto in questo caso prevalentemente da anziani.
La riqualificazione di Asakusa, Tokyo. Micro-interventi urbani per lo spazio pubblico e residenziale
CEDRO, GIORGIA
2015/2016
Abstract
The economical decline of these last years, overlapping the difficulties of generational change in some contexts with low native birth, which is only partially rebalanced by the new migrational flows, has accelerated the phenomena of abandon and slow re-generation of places, even in recently built areas. More than other historical periods, in fact, the last century has devised to us a serious variety of building constructions, mainly of ordinary type, deposited through a very short amount of time, and purely because of functional rules lacking a composite research to support a building fabric with forward-looking urban logics. Nevertheless, these very changes have revealed interesting capacity of reaction, often encouraged by self-managed interventions by individuals or communities, which have released new energies and opportunities of renewing the codes. This scenery has led to entirely re-thinking new tools and devices to control the urban space. The role of the urban projects tends to abandon the spatial and temporal finite shape of the architectural design, in favor of planning strategies that are moving towards obtaining the renewal through light interventions. Punctual, diffused and of small scale, their interrelation can re-activate the in-between space of the urban fabric in its large scale. This also means to go beyond the logic of acupuncture, conceiving instead a complex vision of the city - or a part of the city - to work with a general background idea through meaningful crucial points, according to a dual tension of scale. The main theoretical references of such approach are to find in the historical definition by Bruno Zevi of “Renovatio Urbis” about the Erculea addiction in Ferrara, as well as in the contemporary urban plans for Antwerp by Secchi and Viganò, up to the plan suggested by David Brown for Chicago, the “Available City”. They advise to go beyond the inter-scale relationship among elements, addressing also to an idea of porous and transparent city, in a different relationship between interior/exterior, aiming to re-activate micro-urban spaces, both public and private, so that even those ones can become collective places of the city, embracing Manuel de Sola Morales’s lesson: “And thus it is possible for these splendid opportunities to enrich the city with avenues, parks, ring roads, stadium, museums and architectural scenery, all of undeniable value, to lead to a raising of tone of the city in general that results in hypertrophy of public space. The importance of latter does not lie, of course, in its size, quantity or symbolic role, but in the way that it links together private spaces, making them in turn part of the collective resources. Bestowing an urban, public character on buildings and places that would otherwise remain solely private. Urbanizing the private, that is the concept: in other words, absorbing it into the public sphere.” (M. De Sola Morales, Public space- collective space, Lotus quaderns, pag. 43.) The global cities, the great “westernized” metropolis, are clearly showing this rapid economical and social change, therefore they can become interesting research laboratories. Especially Tokyo can be considered a paradigmatic case: its urban fabric has experienced substantial modification connected to this process, since the 1960s. Saskia Sassen designates it, with London and New York, a key position in the highly specialized services and in the production of innovation which have determined a privileged financial-economical geography, with gradual resonance on the other global centers. This international character of the urbanization however has not replaced the local habits and the traditional values of the city, that are surviving and handed down from one generation to another between the gaps of its residential fabrics, the only ones of which the scale has not been modified yet. This has led to the diffusion of a wide urban fabric constituted by small elements, defined by short buildings and small urban voids, sometimes even located next to buildings and fabrics that are part of a larger scale and more similar to many other western metropolis. Thus, such urban specificities of the context appear perfect to investigate how and through which strategies a small scale architectural project can re-activate the social and urban fabric of a district displaying a strong tendency to be abandoned, like the one of Asakusa, where the aging social fabric represents one of the major issues.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/126742