The role of biocatalyzed reactions is becoming more and more influential in the toolbox of available reactions for the synthesis of enantiopure compounds, also on industrial scale. In the scenario of the possible options to design the synthetic pathway of chiral molecules, enzymatic biotranformations started to be evaluated more frequently, also considering the distinctive features of this methodology. Enzyme catalyzed reactions are highly chemo, regio and stereo-selective and therefore of great interest for fine chemical synthesis. The work during these past three years has explored the effectiveness of combining chemical and biochemical procedures for the synthesis of chiral building blocks in high enantiomeric purity. Specifically, this has involved three different topics: • Stereoselective reduction of C=C and C=O double bonds; • Desymmetrisation of achiral compounds by biocatalysed oxidative biotransformation • Combination of multiple enzymes in cascade reactions A complete investigation of the steric and electronic effects of substituents on the course of ER-mediated reductions of alkenes has been performed, considering the role of the CN and the NO2 functions as activating group, either alone or in combination with other functional moieties. The study of the desymmetrisation of achiral diols by biocatalysed oxidation has been conducted by exploring the scarcely known world of Acetic Acid Bacteria. The optimization of enzymatic cascade procedures has involved coupling more than one enzyme into an efficient pathway for the biosynthesis of compounds of commercial interest. These procedures represent a further demonstration of the synthetic potential of enzyme-mediated reactions: the high chemo and stereoselectivity that enzymes can achieve are key requisites for the optimization processes, which are now extensively investigated for the synthesis of valuable compounds.
Il ruolo della reazioni biocatalitiche diventa sempre più importante nel toolbox delle reazioni disponibili per la sintesi di composti enantiopuri, anche su scala industriale. Nello scenario delle diverse opzioni disponibili per la messa a punto di vie sintetiche di molecole chirali, le biotrasformazioni enzimatiche stanno iniziando ad essere valutate più frequentemente, anche considerando le caratteristiche peculiari di questa metodica. Le reazioni catalizzate enzimaticamente sono altamente chemo, regio e stereo selettive e per questo di grande interesse per la sintesi fine di composti chimici. Il lavoro durante questi tre anni ha analizzato l’efficacia della combinazione di procedure chimiche e biochimiche per la sintesi di building blocks chirali con un alta purezza enantiomerica. Più nello specifico, questo lavoro ha compreso tre diversi argomenti: • La riduzione enantioselettiva di doppi legami C=C e C=O; • La desimmetrizzazione di composti achirali attraverso trasformazioni ossidative catalizzate da enzimi; • La combinazione di più enzimi in reazioni a cascata. E’ stata effettuata un’analisi completa degli effetti sterici ed elettronici dei sostituenti sul corso delle reazioni di riduzioni di alcheni catalizzati da ER, considerando il ruolo dei gruppi CN e NO2 con la funzione di attivatori del doppio legame, sia considerandoli singolarmente che in associazione con altri gruppi. Lo studio di desimmetrizzazione di dioli achirali attraverso l’ossidazione biocatalitica è stata condotta analizzando il mondo scarsamente noto dei Battri Acetici. L’ottimizzazione di cascate enzimatiche ha coinvolto la combinazione di più enzimi in una via efficiente per la biosintesi di composti di interesse commerciale. Queste procedure rappresentano un’ulteriore dimostrazione del potenziale sintetico delle reazioni catalizzate enzimaticamente: l’alta chemo e stereoselettività che gli enzimi riescono a raggiungere sono un requisito chiave per l’ottimizzazione di processi che sono analizzati per la sintesi di composti di interesse.
Enantioselective synthesis of chiral pharmaceutical intermediates by whole cell microorganisms and engineered isolated enzymes
SANTANGELO, SARA
Abstract
The role of biocatalyzed reactions is becoming more and more influential in the toolbox of available reactions for the synthesis of enantiopure compounds, also on industrial scale. In the scenario of the possible options to design the synthetic pathway of chiral molecules, enzymatic biotranformations started to be evaluated more frequently, also considering the distinctive features of this methodology. Enzyme catalyzed reactions are highly chemo, regio and stereo-selective and therefore of great interest for fine chemical synthesis. The work during these past three years has explored the effectiveness of combining chemical and biochemical procedures for the synthesis of chiral building blocks in high enantiomeric purity. Specifically, this has involved three different topics: • Stereoselective reduction of C=C and C=O double bonds; • Desymmetrisation of achiral compounds by biocatalysed oxidative biotransformation • Combination of multiple enzymes in cascade reactions A complete investigation of the steric and electronic effects of substituents on the course of ER-mediated reductions of alkenes has been performed, considering the role of the CN and the NO2 functions as activating group, either alone or in combination with other functional moieties. The study of the desymmetrisation of achiral diols by biocatalysed oxidation has been conducted by exploring the scarcely known world of Acetic Acid Bacteria. The optimization of enzymatic cascade procedures has involved coupling more than one enzyme into an efficient pathway for the biosynthesis of compounds of commercial interest. These procedures represent a further demonstration of the synthetic potential of enzyme-mediated reactions: the high chemo and stereoselectivity that enzymes can achieve are key requisites for the optimization processes, which are now extensively investigated for the synthesis of valuable compounds.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/127024