The increased penetration of renewable power source has contributed to a deep transformation of the energy system, which requires the need to introduce an adequate energy storage system to promise proper exercise and balancing of the electricity grid. The electrochemical batteries are being viewed as a possible solution, thanks to their flexibility and efficiency. Among all, the flow batteries present a high potential for several reasons, including the independence between the maximum power and the available energy, high efficiency, speed of response and a long useful life. One of the most developed configurations is the all-vanadium (VRFB), but it still presents some problems, such as low energy density and high costs, which limit their ability to compete on the market but still reveal ample margins for improvement. This research tries to determine the standard conditions to be reached in order to make this technology more competitive in a growing energy market. Firstly, it has been implemented a model, validated on experimental results, later used to simulate the operation of the flow battery linked to a production profile of a photovoltaic system, in order to understand the behavior of this technology in operating conditions as close as possible to the market. Starting from the system dimensions (the area of the electrochemical cell, the volume of the tanks), it has also been given an economical analysis, representative of a general case which highlights the influence of the search for new materials on the overall reduction of the system costs. Moreover, herewith exposed are the results of an experimental campaign carried out during an internship contract with the Renewable Energy and Environmental R&D Center – Eni Donegani, in which the battery’s response to different operating conditions has been investigated. Different combinations of electrodes previously subjected to treatments of various types have been tested in order to identify the process that guarantees the best efficiency.
La maggiore penetrazione elettrica delle fonti rinnovabili ha contribuito ad una profonda trasformazione del sistema energetico, che richiede la necessità di introdurre adeguati sistemi di accumulo per garantire il corretto esercizio e bilanciamento della rete elettrica. Gli accumulatori elettrochimici vengono visti come una possibile soluzione grazie all’elevata flessibilità ed efficienza. Tra tutti, le batterie a flusso presentano un elevato potenziale per diversi motivi tra cui l’indipendenza, in fase di dimensionamento, tra la massima potenza e l’energia erogabile, l’elevata efficienza e rapidità di risposta ed una lunga vita utile. Una fra le configurazioni più sviluppate risulta essere quella vanadio-vanadio (VRFB) che però presenta alcune criticità tra cui la ridotta densità energetica e i costi elevati, limitandone la competitività sul mercato ma lasciando intravedere ampi margini di miglioramento. Nel presente lavoro si cerca di comprendere quali siano le condizioni standard operative da raggiungere al fine di rendere più competitiva tale tecnologia, in un mercato in continua crescita come quello energetico. Si è quindi proceduto con la costruzione di un modello, validato su risultati sperimentali, utilizzato successivamente per simulare il funzionamento della batteria a flusso accoppiata ad un profilo di produzione di un impianto fotovoltaico, in modo da comprendere quale sia il comportamento di questa tecnologia in condizioni operative più vicine alla realtà commerciale. Sulla base delle dimensioni del sistema (area della cella elettrochimica, volume dei serbatoi) ottenute dal modello, verrà quindi riportata un’analisi economica rappresentativa di un caso generale in cui si evidenzia l’influenza della ricerca di nuovi materiali sulla riduzione complessiva dei costi del sistema. In merito a ciò sono inoltre esposti i risultati di una campagna sperimentale svolta in occasione di un contratto di stage presso il Renewable Energy and Environmental R&D Center – Istituto Eni Donegani, in cui è stata indagata la risposta della batteria a diverse condizioni operative. Sono state testate diverse combinazioni di elettrodi sottoposti precedentemente a trattamenti di vario tipo al fine di identificare quale sia il trattamento che garantisca il migliore rendimento.
Studio modellistico, sperimentale ed economico di una batteria a flusso vanadio-vanadio
DEPONTE, ANTONGIULIO
2015/2016
Abstract
The increased penetration of renewable power source has contributed to a deep transformation of the energy system, which requires the need to introduce an adequate energy storage system to promise proper exercise and balancing of the electricity grid. The electrochemical batteries are being viewed as a possible solution, thanks to their flexibility and efficiency. Among all, the flow batteries present a high potential for several reasons, including the independence between the maximum power and the available energy, high efficiency, speed of response and a long useful life. One of the most developed configurations is the all-vanadium (VRFB), but it still presents some problems, such as low energy density and high costs, which limit their ability to compete on the market but still reveal ample margins for improvement. This research tries to determine the standard conditions to be reached in order to make this technology more competitive in a growing energy market. Firstly, it has been implemented a model, validated on experimental results, later used to simulate the operation of the flow battery linked to a production profile of a photovoltaic system, in order to understand the behavior of this technology in operating conditions as close as possible to the market. Starting from the system dimensions (the area of the electrochemical cell, the volume of the tanks), it has also been given an economical analysis, representative of a general case which highlights the influence of the search for new materials on the overall reduction of the system costs. Moreover, herewith exposed are the results of an experimental campaign carried out during an internship contract with the Renewable Energy and Environmental R&D Center – Eni Donegani, in which the battery’s response to different operating conditions has been investigated. Different combinations of electrodes previously subjected to treatments of various types have been tested in order to identify the process that guarantees the best efficiency.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/128841