Greenhouse gas emissions are causing clear damage to the Earth’s climate. The intensive consumption of fossil fuels has become a problem due to the strong impact on the environment: carbon dioxide, representing the main anthropogenic greenhouse gas, is being emitted at an increasing rate, with a noticeable impact on the environment. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is currently the only technology able to drastically reduce the carbon dioxide emissions in the atmosphere generated by the industrial sector, as required by the Paris Agreement. The purpose of this work is to provide a framework on the outlooks of the CCS technologies application in the energy sector, by coupling this technological scheme with a conventional Gas-to-Wire unit, consisting of the on-site production of electrical energy, namely close to the producing reservoir. Since this technological solution provides the injection of either CO2 or flue gas deep underground, it is more environmentally sustainable with respect to the delivery of natural gas to the market. In accordance with the need of the Oil and Gas industry to find a methodology to get reliable estimates for business decisions regarding geological site selection and development, the focus of this work is on the reservoir. In the pre-feasibility engineering phase of a project in the Oil and Gas industry, in fact, a detailed reservoir study is not required, since it would need long times and high costs. So, a general methodology for the assessment of the CO2 storage capacity and of its injectivity into the depleted gas reservoirs of the Northern Adriatic basin has been provided, in order to easily evaluate the appropriateness of geological storage. The analysis has been performed also injecting flue gas, which is the overall exhaust gas produced by the power unit. The purpose is to avoid the high costs related to the capture system. Then, the developed reservoir model has been applied to a real depleted gas reservoir in the Adriatic Sea. Concerning the Gas-to-Wire unit and all the other surface facilities needed to realize this storage project, a process selection activity has been performed, defining possible project layouts, the technical specifications of the equipment and costs estimate. The economic analysis of the overall project has been performed, evaluating the impact of cost and revenues for different scenarios.
Le emissioni di gas serra stanno chiaramente danneggiando il clima del nostro Pianeta. Il consumo intensivo di combustibili fossili è diventato un problema a causa del notevole impatto sull’ambiente: l’anidride carbonica, la quale rappresenta il principale gas serra prodotto dalle attività umane, viene emessa in atmosfera in volumi crescenti, con un conseguente notevole impatto sull’ambiente. La cattura e il sequestro geologico della CO2 (indicata con l’acronimo CCS) è attualmente la sola tecnologia in grado di ridurre drasticamente le emissioni di anidride carbonica in atmosfera generate dal settore industriale, in linea con l’Accordo di Parigi. L’obiettivo di questo studio è fornire un quadro generale sulle prospettive relative all’applicazione delle tecnologie CCS nel settore energetico, associando questo schema tecnologico con un’unità convenzionale Gas-to-Wire, la quale consiste nella produzione in situ di energia elettrica, ossia nelle immediate vicinanze del giacimento di gas in produzione. In accordo con la necessità dell’industria petrolifera di trovare una metodologia che consenta di ottenere stime affidabili, per fini economici e decisionali, inerenti la selezione e lo sviluppo del sito di stoccaggio, il lavoro qui presentato si focalizza sullo studio di giacimento. Nella fase di pre-fattibilità ingegneristica di un progetto nel settore dell’Oil and Gas, infatti, non è necessario effettuare un dettagliato studio di giacimento, siccome ciò richiederebbe tempi e costi elevati. Quindi, in questo lavoro è stata definita una metodologia generale per la determinazione della capacità di stoccaggio e dell’iniettività della CO2, relativamente ai giacimenti di gas depletati del bacino Nord Adriatico, in modo da stabilire, in maniera semplificata, la fattibilità dello stoccaggio geologico. La stessa analisi di giacimento è stata condotta anche per quanto riguarda l’iniezione dei fumi esausti, ossia dei prodotti di combustione dell’unità GtW. L’obiettivo di questa opzione consiste nell’evitare l’adozione del sistema di cattura. Quindi, il modello di giacimento sviluppato è stato applicato ad un giacimento depletato reale nel Mar Adriatico. Per quanto riguarda l’unità Gas-to-Wire e tutti gli impianti di superficie necessari alla realizzazione del progetto di stoccaggio, le varie unità di processo sono state selezionate al fine di definire i possibili schemi di sviluppo, le specifiche tecniche di ciascuna unità e le stime dei costi. In seguito, l’analisi economica complessiva del progetto ha consentito di valutare l’impatto dei costi in diversi scenari.
Gas-to-wire with carbon dioxide storage : modelling of an application in an Italian gas field
MURENA, ALBERTO
2015/2016
Abstract
Greenhouse gas emissions are causing clear damage to the Earth’s climate. The intensive consumption of fossil fuels has become a problem due to the strong impact on the environment: carbon dioxide, representing the main anthropogenic greenhouse gas, is being emitted at an increasing rate, with a noticeable impact on the environment. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is currently the only technology able to drastically reduce the carbon dioxide emissions in the atmosphere generated by the industrial sector, as required by the Paris Agreement. The purpose of this work is to provide a framework on the outlooks of the CCS technologies application in the energy sector, by coupling this technological scheme with a conventional Gas-to-Wire unit, consisting of the on-site production of electrical energy, namely close to the producing reservoir. Since this technological solution provides the injection of either CO2 or flue gas deep underground, it is more environmentally sustainable with respect to the delivery of natural gas to the market. In accordance with the need of the Oil and Gas industry to find a methodology to get reliable estimates for business decisions regarding geological site selection and development, the focus of this work is on the reservoir. In the pre-feasibility engineering phase of a project in the Oil and Gas industry, in fact, a detailed reservoir study is not required, since it would need long times and high costs. So, a general methodology for the assessment of the CO2 storage capacity and of its injectivity into the depleted gas reservoirs of the Northern Adriatic basin has been provided, in order to easily evaluate the appropriateness of geological storage. The analysis has been performed also injecting flue gas, which is the overall exhaust gas produced by the power unit. The purpose is to avoid the high costs related to the capture system. Then, the developed reservoir model has been applied to a real depleted gas reservoir in the Adriatic Sea. Concerning the Gas-to-Wire unit and all the other surface facilities needed to realize this storage project, a process selection activity has been performed, defining possible project layouts, the technical specifications of the equipment and costs estimate. The economic analysis of the overall project has been performed, evaluating the impact of cost and revenues for different scenarios.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/129061