The attention of the fashion industry towards sustainability is increasing, both from a social and an environmental viewpoint; in the last decades, ethic and responsible social issues have been considered always more relevant and companies have to deal with them, especially firms having global Supply Chains, since their higher fragmentation and dispersion. Measuring the performance in terms of environmental impacts may be a starting point for companies towards green fashion. This work aims at: - Defining a taxonomy of the environmental performance paradigms in the fashion industry; - Identifying the contingent variables impacting on the choice of a specific measurement system; - Identifying, for each implemented tool, which are the steps to follow, from the project definition phase to the feedback and control. Beyond literature analysis, the adopted research methodology was case studies, focused on the current situation among fashion players (considering both focal companies and suppliers): first an exploratory case study allowed to set the variables of the model, then ten explanatory case studies were used to answer to the research questions. All the information has been collected through semi-structured interviews with Sustainability Managers and Top Executives; moreover, to assure triangulation of data, secondary sources, as Sustainability and Annual Reports, have been consulted. The analysis of the literature together with the exploratory case study, allowed to define the steps through which an environmental performance measurement tool is implemented, i.e. (i) project definition, (ii) project initialization, (iii) project implementation, (iv) feedback and control. The explanatory case studies, then, allowed to classify environmental measurement tools in terms of their level of adoption: e.g., majority of the sample combine Life Cycle Assessment and Product Environmental Footprint, other companies adopt Global Reporting Initiative method, others release an Environmental Profit & Loss. Companies in the sample were classified into four groups, based on the firm focus on environment and on the measurement system in use: Long-term Leaders, Going Green, Brave Beginners and Nature Negligent. For each group, the relevant contingent variables were mapped and the steps for method implementation were described. Results show low impact of contingent variables on measurement process; only the firm size and its strategic orientation of sustainability are positively correlated with the measurement of environmental impacts. Implementation steps present commonalities among the different tools. This work is valuable as a general study of the environmental measurement systems adopted by companies belonging to the same sector; this research enriches the studies on sustainability for the fashion industry, in line with the growing interest to the topic. Even if the sample consists of a sufficient number of firms, it would be appropriate to validate the results through a comparable study with a larger sample, including more firms with different position in the Supply Chain and different market positioning.
Si riscontra una sempre crescente l’attenzione del settore del fashion nei confronti della sostenibilità, sia da un punto di vista sociale che ambientale. Negli ultimi anni, le aziende, soprattutto quelle con filiere globali, hanno dovuto rispondere a richieste sempre più stringenti in tali ambiti. La misura degli impatti ambientali dei propri processi può essere inteso dalle aziende del settore come un primo passo verso un business sostenibile. Il presente lavoro si propone di: • Definire una tassonomia dei paradigmi di misura degli impatti ambientali nel settore del fashion; • Identificare le variabili contingenti impattanti sulla scelta di uno specifico strumento di misura; • Identificare, per ogni sistema di misurazione, quali sono i passi da seguire nella sua implementazione, a partire dalla definizione del progetto fino alla fase di controllo finale. In aggiunta ad un’approfondita analisi della letteratura, l’approccio metodologico adottato sono i casi di studio, focalizzati sul definire la situazione attuale esistente tra gli attori della filiera del fashion, considerando sia focal company sia fornitori: In un primo momento, un caso di studio esplorativo ha permesso di costruire le variabili del modello; secondariamente, dieci casi di studio esplicativi sono stati utilizzati per rispondere alle domande di ricerca. Le informazioni sono state raccolte attraverso interviste semi-strutturate ai Responsabili di Sostenibilità e a Top Executives; inoltre, per assicurare la triangolazione dei dati, fonti secondarie, come Report annuali e report di sostenibilità, sono state consultate. L’analisi della letteratura, insieme al caso di studio esplorativo, hanno permesso di definire i passi di implementazione di uno strumento di misura degli impatti ambientali, ovvero (i) definizione del progetto, (ii) inizializzazione del progetto, (iii) implementazione del progetto, (iv) feedback e controllo. I casi di studio esplicativi hanno poi portato a classificare gli strumenti di misura a seconda della frequenza con cui sono implementati dalle aziende del campione di analisi. Ad esempio, parte delle aziende implementa, in sequenza, Life Cycle Assessment e Product Environmental Footprint, un’altra parte ricorre al Global Reporting Initiative come strumento di rendicontazione delle performance non finanziarie, e un’altra ancora pubblica un Environmental Profit & Loss. Le aziende del campione sono state classificate in quattro gruppi, basati sull’attenzione che l’azienda pone sull’ambiente e sullo strumento di misura in uso. Questi gruppi sono stati definiti come: Long-term Leaders, Going Green, Brave Beginners e Nature Negligent. Per ognuno di questi gruppi, sono state mappate le principali variabili contingenti e descritti i passi di implementazione dello strumento. I risultati mostrano un basso impatto dei fattori contingenti sui processi di misura, mentre diverse comunanze tra i passi di implementazione. Il presente lavoro ha valore di studio generale dei sistemi di misurazione di impatti ambientali adottate da aziende appartenenti al medesimo settore; la ricerca arricchisce gli studi sulla sostenibilità per le aziende dell'industria del fashion, in linea con il crescente interesse per il tema. Sebbene il campione sia costituito da un numero sufficiente di imprese, sarebbe opportuno validare i risultati attraverso uno studio analogo con un campione più ampio e inoltre comprendente più imprese posizionate in modo differente sia nella Supply Chain, sia nel mercato finale.
Environmental measurement systems : an application to the fashion industry
MINCHILLI, MARGHERITA
2015/2016
Abstract
The attention of the fashion industry towards sustainability is increasing, both from a social and an environmental viewpoint; in the last decades, ethic and responsible social issues have been considered always more relevant and companies have to deal with them, especially firms having global Supply Chains, since their higher fragmentation and dispersion. Measuring the performance in terms of environmental impacts may be a starting point for companies towards green fashion. This work aims at: - Defining a taxonomy of the environmental performance paradigms in the fashion industry; - Identifying the contingent variables impacting on the choice of a specific measurement system; - Identifying, for each implemented tool, which are the steps to follow, from the project definition phase to the feedback and control. Beyond literature analysis, the adopted research methodology was case studies, focused on the current situation among fashion players (considering both focal companies and suppliers): first an exploratory case study allowed to set the variables of the model, then ten explanatory case studies were used to answer to the research questions. All the information has been collected through semi-structured interviews with Sustainability Managers and Top Executives; moreover, to assure triangulation of data, secondary sources, as Sustainability and Annual Reports, have been consulted. The analysis of the literature together with the exploratory case study, allowed to define the steps through which an environmental performance measurement tool is implemented, i.e. (i) project definition, (ii) project initialization, (iii) project implementation, (iv) feedback and control. The explanatory case studies, then, allowed to classify environmental measurement tools in terms of their level of adoption: e.g., majority of the sample combine Life Cycle Assessment and Product Environmental Footprint, other companies adopt Global Reporting Initiative method, others release an Environmental Profit & Loss. Companies in the sample were classified into four groups, based on the firm focus on environment and on the measurement system in use: Long-term Leaders, Going Green, Brave Beginners and Nature Negligent. For each group, the relevant contingent variables were mapped and the steps for method implementation were described. Results show low impact of contingent variables on measurement process; only the firm size and its strategic orientation of sustainability are positively correlated with the measurement of environmental impacts. Implementation steps present commonalities among the different tools. This work is valuable as a general study of the environmental measurement systems adopted by companies belonging to the same sector; this research enriches the studies on sustainability for the fashion industry, in line with the growing interest to the topic. Even if the sample consists of a sufficient number of firms, it would be appropriate to validate the results through a comparable study with a larger sample, including more firms with different position in the Supply Chain and different market positioning.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/131166