In the last three decades European countries have been involved in a wave of market liberalization and companies’ privatization that reflects changes in economic thinking and policies by European Union and the single governments. In this new context, our research investigates the ongoing internationalization process of the European energy and telecommunication companies, which frequently in the past were totally owned by the states. We aim to understand which are the critical factors that promote their expansion abroad. Relying on literature, we formulate two hypotheses: (i) the persistent presence of the state as a shareholder inside a company sustains and improves its degree of internationalization; (ii) the form of capitalism characterizing the country of origin of the company has an influence; specifically, Coordinated Market Economies (CME) have a positive effect on the internationalization, thanks to the virtuous cooperation between central state, intermediate institutions and firms. To test our hypotheses, we create a database relevant to a sample of 88 companies, which includes the larger operators in the EU15 countries. Information is gathered on the firms’ degree of internationalization, ownership structure, and financial and economic indicators, during the period from 1995 to 2014. Further, we develop an econometric model running on the sample and conduct some robustness tests of the results. The empirical analysis confirms our expectations, indicating the positive influence of both the presence of the state as a shareholder and CME on the companies’ internationalization.
Negli ultimi trent’anni i paesi Europei sono stati coinvolti in un’ondata di liberalizzazione del mercato e privatizzazione delle imprese che riflette i cambiamenti nel pensiero e nelle politiche economiche dell’Unione Europea e dei singoli governi . In questo nuovo contesto la nostra ricerca indaga il processo di internazionalizzazione in atto delle aziende Europee del settore dell’energia e delle telecomunicazioni, che in passato frequentemente erano possedute totalmente dallo stato. Il nostro obiettivo è capire quali sono i fattori critici che hanno promosso questa espansione all’estero. Facendo affidamento sulla letteratura, abbiamo formulato due ipotesi: (i) la persistente presenza dello stato come azionista all’interno dell’azienda sostiene e migliora il suo grado di internazionalizzazione; (ii) la forma di capitalismo che caratterizza il paese di origine dell’azienda ha un’influenza; specificatamente, le Coordinated Market Economies (CME) hanno un effetto positivo sull’internazionalizzazione, grazie alla virtuosa cooperazione tra lo stato centrale, istituzioni intermedie e le aziende. Per testare le nostre ipotesi, abbiamo creato un database attinente a 88 aziende, che include i più grandi operatori nei paesi EU 15. Sono state raccolte informazioni sul grado di internazionalizzazione delle aziende, la struttura societaria e indicatori economici e finanziari nel periodo tra il 1995 e il 2014. Dopodiché abbiamo sviluppato un modello econometrico basato sul campione e condotto dei test di robustezza sui risultati. L’analisi empirica ha confermato le nostre aspettative, indicando l’effetto positivo sia della presenza dello stato come azionista, sia dei capitalismi di tipo CME sull’internazionalizzazione delle aziende.
State owned enterprise and varieties of capitalism : the impact on internationalization of utilities in Europe
ROGNONI, DAVIDE;GASPARINI, SERGIO
2015/2016
Abstract
In the last three decades European countries have been involved in a wave of market liberalization and companies’ privatization that reflects changes in economic thinking and policies by European Union and the single governments. In this new context, our research investigates the ongoing internationalization process of the European energy and telecommunication companies, which frequently in the past were totally owned by the states. We aim to understand which are the critical factors that promote their expansion abroad. Relying on literature, we formulate two hypotheses: (i) the persistent presence of the state as a shareholder inside a company sustains and improves its degree of internationalization; (ii) the form of capitalism characterizing the country of origin of the company has an influence; specifically, Coordinated Market Economies (CME) have a positive effect on the internationalization, thanks to the virtuous cooperation between central state, intermediate institutions and firms. To test our hypotheses, we create a database relevant to a sample of 88 companies, which includes the larger operators in the EU15 countries. Information is gathered on the firms’ degree of internationalization, ownership structure, and financial and economic indicators, during the period from 1995 to 2014. Further, we develop an econometric model running on the sample and conduct some robustness tests of the results. The empirical analysis confirms our expectations, indicating the positive influence of both the presence of the state as a shareholder and CME on the companies’ internationalization.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/131203