The aim of this thesis is to shed light on the decision making process of family and non- family firms in their internationalization path. In particular, we are interested in the reasons behind disinvestment decisions and reinvestment tactics. Our analysis lies on the combination of two databases: • The Reprint database, developed at Politecnico di Milano, which contains a census on foreign entries undertaken by Italian firms worldwide (Mariotti, Mutinelli & Sansoucy, 2015); • The Observatory AUB of Italian Family Businesses (Miller et al, 2014) developed at Bocconi University, which lists governance and accounting data on Italian family firms. The obtained results suggest that family ownership and involvement in the management of the company play a significant role in the internationalization process, in particular in the entry mode and exit decisions to/from a foreign market. Specifically, the higher is the family involvement, the lower is the propensity towards risk and also the access to relevant information. For this reason, as entry mode, family companies tend to opt more for greenfield initiatives rather than acquisitions of already established firms. Conversely, non-family companies have a riskier nature and are often governed by managers with international experience and knowledge; this entails a greater propensity towards acquisitions rather than greenfield. Moreover, we found that, when family firms have to penetrate a new foreign country, they often opt for an explorative initial investment (i.e. minority acquisition) and then they turn it into a wholly owned greenfield initiative. In general, analyzing the data, we obtained that family companies tend to invest and disinvest less than their counterparts. Considering the country level side, we found that Germany, France and the United States are the more disinvested and reinvested countries by large Italian manufacturing companies. Finally, our work also elaborates and develops a study on the reinvestment process in family and non-family firms. We built an econometric model relying on a pool of data extracted from our main database. The obtained outcomes are robust and demonstrate in a statistical way that the companies managed by a family act in a very different way compared to their counterparties. Specifically, family managed firms have a greater inclination towards reinvestment, while non-family managed firms tend to avoid it. Such is the case, at least, of the reinvestments made in the same country and in the same industry previously disinvested. These requirements are a necessary condition for our study. Our analysis relies on 217 Italian family companies, 49 Italian non-family companies, 764 foreign disinvestments and 4551 foreign investments in the time period from 2000 to 2014.
Lo scopo di questa tesi è di far luce sul processo di decisione delle aziende familiari e non familiari nel loro sviluppo internazionale. In particolare siamo interessati alle ragioni che stanno dietro le decisioni di investimento e le tattiche di reinvestimento. La nostra analisi si basa sulla combinazione di due database: • Il database Reprint, sviluppato dal Politecnico di Milano, contenente un censimento delle attività estere intraprese da aziende Italiane nel mondo (Mariotti, Mutinelli & Sansoucy, 2015); • L’Osservatorio AUB of Italian Family Businesses (Miller et al, 2014), sviluppato dall’università Bocconi, contenente una lista di dati di governante e contabilità sulle aziende familiari italiane. I risultati ottenuti suggeriscono che il possesso e il coinvolgimento della famiglia nel management della compagnia gioca un ruolo fondamentale nel processo di internazionalizzazione e in particolare nelle modalità e decisioni di entrata e uscita da un mercato estero. Nello specifico, maggiore è il coinvolgimento della famiglia, minore sarà la propensione al rischio e l’accesso alle informazioni rilevanti. Per questa ragione, come modalità di entrata, le compagnie familiari tendono a optare per iniziative greenfield piuttosto che acquisizioni di aziende già fondate. Al contrario, le imprese non familiari hanno una natura più propensa al rischio e spesso sono governate da manager con un’esperienza e conoscenza internazionale; questo favorisce una maggiore propensione verso acquisizioni anziché iniziative greenfield. Inoltre abbiamo scoperto che, quando un’azienda familiare deve penetrare un nuovo mercato estero, spesso opta per un investimento iniziale esplorativo (i.e. acquisizione minoritaria), per poi trasformarlo in un’iniziativa greenfield interamente di sua proprietà. In generale, analizzando i dati, abbiamo ottenuto che le compagnie familiari tendono a investire e disinvestire di meno delle loro controparti. Considerando l’aspetto legato ai paesi, abbiamo scoperto che Germania, Francia e Stati Uniti sono quelli maggiormente coinvolti in disinvestimenti e reinvestimenti dalle aziende manifatturiere italiane. Infine, il nostro lavoro sviluppa anche uno studio sul processo di rinvestimento nelle imprese famigliari e non famigliari. Abbiamo costruito un modello econometrico basandoci su un insieme di dati estratti dal nostro database principale. I risultati che abbiamo ottenuto si sono dimostrati robusti e provano statisticamente che le imprese gestite dalle famiglie agiscono in maniera molto diversa rispetto alle loro controparti con gestione non famigliare. In particolare, le imprese gestite da una famiglia hanno una maggiore propensione per il reinvestimento, mentre le imprese gestite da un management non famigliare generalmente tendono ad evitarlo, almeno per quanto riguarda i rinvestimenti effettuati nello stesso paese e nello stesso settore di attività, requisiti presi in analisi nel nostro studio. La nostra analisi si basa su 217 aziende italiane familiari, 49 aziende italiane non familiari, 764 disinvestimenti esteri e 4551 investimenti esteri nel periodo che va dal 2000 al 2014.
Internationalization process of family and non-family Italian manufacturing firms
MARNIGA, PAOLO;MAGNI, GIULIO
2015/2016
Abstract
The aim of this thesis is to shed light on the decision making process of family and non- family firms in their internationalization path. In particular, we are interested in the reasons behind disinvestment decisions and reinvestment tactics. Our analysis lies on the combination of two databases: • The Reprint database, developed at Politecnico di Milano, which contains a census on foreign entries undertaken by Italian firms worldwide (Mariotti, Mutinelli & Sansoucy, 2015); • The Observatory AUB of Italian Family Businesses (Miller et al, 2014) developed at Bocconi University, which lists governance and accounting data on Italian family firms. The obtained results suggest that family ownership and involvement in the management of the company play a significant role in the internationalization process, in particular in the entry mode and exit decisions to/from a foreign market. Specifically, the higher is the family involvement, the lower is the propensity towards risk and also the access to relevant information. For this reason, as entry mode, family companies tend to opt more for greenfield initiatives rather than acquisitions of already established firms. Conversely, non-family companies have a riskier nature and are often governed by managers with international experience and knowledge; this entails a greater propensity towards acquisitions rather than greenfield. Moreover, we found that, when family firms have to penetrate a new foreign country, they often opt for an explorative initial investment (i.e. minority acquisition) and then they turn it into a wholly owned greenfield initiative. In general, analyzing the data, we obtained that family companies tend to invest and disinvest less than their counterparts. Considering the country level side, we found that Germany, France and the United States are the more disinvested and reinvested countries by large Italian manufacturing companies. Finally, our work also elaborates and develops a study on the reinvestment process in family and non-family firms. We built an econometric model relying on a pool of data extracted from our main database. The obtained outcomes are robust and demonstrate in a statistical way that the companies managed by a family act in a very different way compared to their counterparties. Specifically, family managed firms have a greater inclination towards reinvestment, while non-family managed firms tend to avoid it. Such is the case, at least, of the reinvestments made in the same country and in the same industry previously disinvested. These requirements are a necessary condition for our study. Our analysis relies on 217 Italian family companies, 49 Italian non-family companies, 764 foreign disinvestments and 4551 foreign investments in the time period from 2000 to 2014.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/131244