The theme of Smart City is very debated in the last decade because of the urbanisation process. In this context, the Internet of Things applications can help the cities to achieve the objectives of efficiency and effectiveness. In the literature, there is a gap: it is necessary to quantify Benefits and Costs derived from a Smart City programme enabled by IoT technologies. This thesis provides the answer to the following three Research Questions: • “What is the development state of Smart Cities in Italy and abroad?” • “Which are benefits and costs of Smart City projects? How many years do they take to repay the investment?” • “What is the suggested financing form for a Smart City programme?” The considered applications fields, choosing after the analysis of the literature and of the actual scenario, are the following ones: Smart Building, Smart Lighting, Smart Parking, Smart Waste Management and Smart Water Grid. Smart Building was selected considering that new technologies could avoid wastes of energy and face security issues; Smart Lighting because opportune investments provide savings in energy consumption that imply the reduction of public expenditure and emission of CO2; Smart Parking, related to the difficulty in finding free parking spaces, is the most relevant issues of Italian cities; the Waste Management is very important for public reputation and administration; Smart Water Grid has a great impact on the spending review of the Municipalities. Thanks mostly to interviews and secondary sources, an analytical model intended to assess the Costs and the Benefits was developed. The model can be applied to cities of every size; in this case, the application regards the City of Milan. The main ambition of this framework is to calculate the Discounted Payback Time for each application area and, also, for the “Integrated Project”, considering all the application fields together. Then, for feasibility analysis, the role of ESCo (Energy Service Company) has been considered for financing Smart Building applications (only heating/air-conditioning and illumination solutions) and the Smart Lighting project.
Il tema delle Smart City è stato molto discusso nell’ultimo decennio in seguito al processo di urbanizzazione. In questo contesto, le applicazioni Internet of Things possono aiutare le città a perseguire gli obiettivi di efficienza ed efficacia. Si nota un gap in letteratura: vi è la necessità di analizzare costi e benefici di un programma Smart City abilitato da tecnologie IoT. Questa tesi ha l’obiettivo di dare una risposta a tre domande di ricerca: • "Qual è l’effettivo stato di sviluppo delle Smart City in Italia e all'estero?" • "Quali sono i benefici e i costi di un progetto integrato Smart City? Quanti anni sono necessari per ripagare l'investimento?" • "Qual è la forma di finanziamento suggerita per un progetto di una Smart City?" Le applicazioni considerate sono: Smart Building, Smart Lighting, Smart Parking, Smart Waste Management e Smart Water Grid. L’ambito Smart Building è stato scelto in quanto, grazie alle nuove tecnologie, è possibile evitare sprechi di energia ed affrontare i problemi di sicurezza; Smart Lighting poiché opportuni investimenti comportano grandi risparmi nel consumo di energia, implicando una riduzione di della spesa pubblica e di emissioni di CO2; Smart Parking, legato alla difficoltà nel trovare parcheggio, risulta essere un problema molto rilevante per i cittadini italiani; Smart Waste Management è legato al decoro della città; infin,e Smart Water Grid risulta avere un forte impatto sulla spending review dei comuni. Grazie principalmente a interviste e fonti secondarie, è stato sviluppato un modello Benefici e Costi. Il modello può essere applicato a una città di qualsiasi dimensione; in questo caso, l’applicazione è sulla città di Milano. L'ambizione principale è poi quella di calcolare il Tempo di Payback attualizzato per ogni area di applicazione e per il modello “integrato”. Infine, per l'analisi di fattibilità, le ESCo (Energy Service Company) giocano un ruolo fondamentale per il finanziamento di Smart Building (soluzioni di riscaldamento / raffreddamento e illuminazione) e Smart Lighting.
Assessing the value of smart city projects enabled by the Internet of Things : a quantitative evaluation of benefits and costs
APOLLONIO, ANNAGRAZIA;ASSIRO, ANDREA
2015/2016
Abstract
The theme of Smart City is very debated in the last decade because of the urbanisation process. In this context, the Internet of Things applications can help the cities to achieve the objectives of efficiency and effectiveness. In the literature, there is a gap: it is necessary to quantify Benefits and Costs derived from a Smart City programme enabled by IoT technologies. This thesis provides the answer to the following three Research Questions: • “What is the development state of Smart Cities in Italy and abroad?” • “Which are benefits and costs of Smart City projects? How many years do they take to repay the investment?” • “What is the suggested financing form for a Smart City programme?” The considered applications fields, choosing after the analysis of the literature and of the actual scenario, are the following ones: Smart Building, Smart Lighting, Smart Parking, Smart Waste Management and Smart Water Grid. Smart Building was selected considering that new technologies could avoid wastes of energy and face security issues; Smart Lighting because opportune investments provide savings in energy consumption that imply the reduction of public expenditure and emission of CO2; Smart Parking, related to the difficulty in finding free parking spaces, is the most relevant issues of Italian cities; the Waste Management is very important for public reputation and administration; Smart Water Grid has a great impact on the spending review of the Municipalities. Thanks mostly to interviews and secondary sources, an analytical model intended to assess the Costs and the Benefits was developed. The model can be applied to cities of every size; in this case, the application regards the City of Milan. The main ambition of this framework is to calculate the Discounted Payback Time for each application area and, also, for the “Integrated Project”, considering all the application fields together. Then, for feasibility analysis, the role of ESCo (Energy Service Company) has been considered for financing Smart Building applications (only heating/air-conditioning and illumination solutions) and the Smart Lighting project.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2016_12_Apollonio_Assiro.pdf
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Descrizione: Testo della tesi
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/131311