This thesis work is the result of a period of internship in Dallara Automobili S.p.A, which is a world leading company as for what regards the construction of racing cars. The topic of this work is the design process of a rear wing in composite material, and the designed component is based on a racing car produced by Dallara in between the years 2002 and 2011. The aim of this study is the verification of the benefits introduced by a new productive process of composites material, developed by the company during the last few years; this new technology has been used only on vehicles of the latest generation and a direct comparison between the two has never been carried out on the same model. At first a very brief introduction on wings and their role in motorsport is provided, together with a general overview of composite materials. Then, the really first step of the design process was to convert the surfaces obtained through an aerodynamic optimization into 3D CAD models which represented the actual assembly. Then the designed components are assembled with carry-over items and the whole rear-wing group undergoes a series of simulations in order to validate the model. At first the stiffness of the rear wing is assessed, in fact it must be ensured it is high enough so that the wing do not overpass a limit deformation when subjected to the highest operative loads. Then the structural integrity of the wing must be guaranteed when subjected to loads even greater than the maximum achievable: this is done in order to obtain a fail-safe design with a large safety margin. All this operations are performed by means of a finite element method analysis. Finally, the natural frequencies and the associated normal modes are investigated thanks to a modal analysis: the target of this step is to ensure that the time-varying forces acting on the wing do not match its natural frequencies so as to avoid vibration-induced failures. The thesis project finally concludes with a short overview of the manufacturing process and the assembly steps required to effectively produce the designed rear wing.
La presente tesi è il frutto di un periodo di tirocinio svolto presso la Dallara Automobili S.p.A, azienda tra i leader mondiale nella costruzione di veicoli da corsa. Il lavoro è consistito nella completa ri-progettazione di un’ala posteriore in materiale composito, basandosi su un veicolo Formula ad elevate prestazioni prodotto in Dallara tra gli anni 2002 e 2011. L’obiettivo dello studio è quello di dimostrare i miglioramenti introdotti dalla nuova tecnologia produttiva dei materiali compositi, sviluppata internamente all’azienda; tale tecnologia è stata infatti utilizzata per i veicoli di ultima generazione, e un confronto diretto tra le due non è mai stato condotto su ali della stessa generazione. Un’introduzione sulle ali e la loro funzione nelle competizioni motoristiche, insieme ad una inquadratura generale dei materiali compositi è fornita nei primi capitoli. Dopodiché si è passati alla reale progettazione del componente in esame: dapprima è stato necessario convertire le superficie ottenute dall’ottimizzazione aerodinamica in modelli CAD 3D che rappresentassero il montaggio reale. I nuovi componenti disegnati sono poi assemblati nell’intero gruppo posteriore del veicolo affinchè il modello possa essere validato: dapprima si verifica che la rigidezza dell’ala sia sufficientemente elevata guardando alle deformazioni massime quando sottoposta ai massimi carichi operativi. Dopodiché si verifica l’integrità strutturale dell’ala, cioè si controlla che, con carichi addirittura maggiorati rispetto ai massimi raggiunti in pista, l’ala e nessun suo componente vadano incontro a rottura affinchè siano garantiti elevati standard di sicurezza. Tutte queste operazione sono svolte grazie ad un’analisi ad elementi finiti del modello. Infine si è svolta l’analisi modale dell’intero gruppo posteriore, il cui obiettivo è quello di garantire che le forze tempo-varianti che sollecitano l’ala non combacino con le frequenze proprie del sistema, evitando così pericolosi fenomeni di risonanza. La tesi si conclude con una rapida panoramica dell’intero processo produttivo dell’ala e di tutte le fasi di montaggio che sarebbero necessari qualora l’ala venisse realmente prodotta.
Design of a composite material rear wing for an open-wheel racing car
MADDIOTTO, MARCO
2015/2016
Abstract
This thesis work is the result of a period of internship in Dallara Automobili S.p.A, which is a world leading company as for what regards the construction of racing cars. The topic of this work is the design process of a rear wing in composite material, and the designed component is based on a racing car produced by Dallara in between the years 2002 and 2011. The aim of this study is the verification of the benefits introduced by a new productive process of composites material, developed by the company during the last few years; this new technology has been used only on vehicles of the latest generation and a direct comparison between the two has never been carried out on the same model. At first a very brief introduction on wings and their role in motorsport is provided, together with a general overview of composite materials. Then, the really first step of the design process was to convert the surfaces obtained through an aerodynamic optimization into 3D CAD models which represented the actual assembly. Then the designed components are assembled with carry-over items and the whole rear-wing group undergoes a series of simulations in order to validate the model. At first the stiffness of the rear wing is assessed, in fact it must be ensured it is high enough so that the wing do not overpass a limit deformation when subjected to the highest operative loads. Then the structural integrity of the wing must be guaranteed when subjected to loads even greater than the maximum achievable: this is done in order to obtain a fail-safe design with a large safety margin. All this operations are performed by means of a finite element method analysis. Finally, the natural frequencies and the associated normal modes are investigated thanks to a modal analysis: the target of this step is to ensure that the time-varying forces acting on the wing do not match its natural frequencies so as to avoid vibration-induced failures. The thesis project finally concludes with a short overview of the manufacturing process and the assembly steps required to effectively produce the designed rear wing.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/131329