In the last thirty years, the hypothesis of a vascular involvement in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) was proposed since perfusion alterations and venous drainage impairment were observed in MS patients. The development of new imaging techniques such as arterial spin labelling (ASL) and phase contrast (PC) MRI allowed to non-invasively quantify brain perfusion and venous drainage alterations. In particular, improved performance of ASL recently showed high potentials in investigating cerebral blood flow (CBF) alterations in neurodegenerative diseases. Differently from the exogenous tracer-based standard methods to assess brain perfusion, ASL uses labelled arterial blood proton spins as endogenous agent. The study aimed at investigating brain perfusion with ASL MRI and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), displayed as perfusion increase in hypercapnia, in a cohort of MS patients and healthy controls (HC). Furthermore, brain venous outflow was assessed by PC MRI thus studying the relationships between the bulk cerebral flow and local perfusion and CVR maps. From a methodological point of view, our purpose was to propose and compare different Partial Volume Effects (PVE) correction strategies for CBF maps and to test the ASL protocol by analysing sensitivity to parameters and repeatability by scan-rescan on 4 HC.
Negli ultimi trent’anni, molti studi hanno messo in evidenza alterazioni in termini di perfusione cerebrale e drenaggio venoso in pazienti affetti da sclerosi multipla (SM), giungendo alla formulazione dell’ipotesi di un coinvolgimento vascolare nella patogenesi della malattia. Lo sviluppo di nuove tecniche di risonanza magnetica (RM) come Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) e Phase Constrast (PC) hanno permesso di valutare in modo quantitativo alterazioni di tipo emodinamico e vascolare associate a patologie neurodegenerative. L’ASL, in particolare, è una tecnica di RM non invasiva utilizzata per la misura quantitativa del flusso sanguigno cerebrale (FSC), che grazie ai recenti sviluppi ha mostrato grandi potenzialità nello studio di patologie cerebrali. A differenza dei metodi considerati i gold-standard nella valutazione della perfusione cerebrale e basati sulla somministrazione di agenti di contrasto, l’ASL è in grado sfruttare il sangue arterioso come tracciante endogeno. Lo scopo di questo studio era quantificare la perfusione cerebrale con ASL, la portata venosa cerebrale con sequenze PC, e valutare la loro correlazione all’interno di un gruppo di pazienti affetti da SM e di soggetti sani di controllo (CTRL). Per entrambi i gruppi, è stata misurata inoltre la reattività cerebrovascolare (RCV), considerata come un aumento della perfusione in condizione di ipercapnia. Dal punto di vista metodologico, in questo studio sono stati implementati e confrontati quattro diversi metodi di correzione per l’effetto di volume parziale o partial volume effect (PVE) delle mappe di FSC. In fine, è stata valutata la sensitività del FSC ai parametri utilizzati e la ripetibilità della misura di perfusione con il protocollo ASL.
MRI study of brain perfusion by arterial spin labeling and venous outflow by phase contrast in multiple sclerosis
SILVESTRI, ANDREA;MIGLIO, FRANCESCA
2015/2016
Abstract
In the last thirty years, the hypothesis of a vascular involvement in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) was proposed since perfusion alterations and venous drainage impairment were observed in MS patients. The development of new imaging techniques such as arterial spin labelling (ASL) and phase contrast (PC) MRI allowed to non-invasively quantify brain perfusion and venous drainage alterations. In particular, improved performance of ASL recently showed high potentials in investigating cerebral blood flow (CBF) alterations in neurodegenerative diseases. Differently from the exogenous tracer-based standard methods to assess brain perfusion, ASL uses labelled arterial blood proton spins as endogenous agent. The study aimed at investigating brain perfusion with ASL MRI and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), displayed as perfusion increase in hypercapnia, in a cohort of MS patients and healthy controls (HC). Furthermore, brain venous outflow was assessed by PC MRI thus studying the relationships between the bulk cerebral flow and local perfusion and CVR maps. From a methodological point of view, our purpose was to propose and compare different Partial Volume Effects (PVE) correction strategies for CBF maps and to test the ASL protocol by analysing sensitivity to parameters and repeatability by scan-rescan on 4 HC.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/131601