The use of Small Cells together with the traditional Macrocells in the LTE-A networks allows to improve the service and the quality of the communication experienced by the users, but at the same time this has introduced new challenges regarding how to manage the interference and the mobility in these so-called heterogeneous networks. In particular, for users moving through different coverage areas (from Macrocells to small cells and vice versa), the Mobility Management features require new methodologies of evaluation during the handover decision phase in order to obtain a better performance. There have been many studies proposing a variety of handover decision algorithms that consider additional parameters or in some cases even different critera with respect to the standard received power. Each algorithm looks for optimizing the handover process and present a different grade of complexity and advantages from different points of view like link capacity, signal cost, delays, etc. This work proposes a new handover decision algorithm considering not only the received power but also the Doppler shift effect with the aim of reducing the energy consumption on user devices. The finality of this work is to evaluate the energy consumption in a mobile terminal when travelling along an heterogeneous network using both the standard handover decision algorithm and the proposed one. During this work a review of the main LTE concepts are presented and some of the current algorithms for the Handover decision phase are studied; then the proposed algorithm is described and finally some simulations are shown in order to understand the energy gain variations in a mobile terminal inside a Macro-Small cell scenario. The results of the simulations exhibit a reduction in the number of handovers by using the proposed algorithm, which is translated to a greater energy efficiency in the device.
L’implementazione di celle piccole ("small cells") nelle reti LTE ha permesso un miglior grado di servizio e un’elevata qualita’ di esperienza per gli utenti ma, allo stesso tempo, ha introdotto nuove sfide riguardanti la gestione dell’interferenza e la mobilita’. In queste reti, dette eterogenee, la gestione della mobilita’ per gli utenti che si spostano tra diverse aree di copertura (da Macrocella a una piccola cella e viceversa) fa sorgere la necessita’ di nuove metodologie per regolare gli handover, in modo da ottenere una miglior prestazione. Molti studi sono stati pubblicati con diverse proposte sull’algoritmo da utilizzare per decidere se avviare o meno l’handover. Questi algoritmi considerano diversi criteri oltre a quello standard, con la finalita’ di ottimizzare il processo di handover da diversi punti di vista, come ad es. la capacita’ dei terminali mobili, i ritardi, ecc. Diversi vantaggi, svantaggi e gradi di complessita’ sono cosi introdotti dai meccanismi degli algoritmi proposti. La finalita’ di questo lavoro e’ di valutare l’energia consumata in un dispositivo mobile quando attraversa una rete eterogenea usando un algoritmo standard di handover e successivamente algoritmi pi flessibili, incluso uno proposto in questo lavoro. In questa tesi esamineremo quindi i concetti principali delle reti LTE e i diversi algoritmi di handover presenti nella letteratura. In seguito proporremo un algoritmo a complessita’ minima con lo scopo di ridurre l’energia consumata dai dispositivi mobili diminuendo il numero di handover non necessari. Alla fine saranno presentate alcune simulazioni con l’obiettivo di comprendere il guadagno energetico di un utente che percorre una rete eterogenea composta da una macrocella contenente diverse celle di dimensioni minori. I risultati delle simulazioni mostreranno una riduzione del numero di handover con l’algoritmo proposto e una conseguente miglior efficienza energetica
Energy efficiency in mobility algorithms for LTE-A networks
MORALES LOPEZ, OSCAR DAVID
2015/2016
Abstract
The use of Small Cells together with the traditional Macrocells in the LTE-A networks allows to improve the service and the quality of the communication experienced by the users, but at the same time this has introduced new challenges regarding how to manage the interference and the mobility in these so-called heterogeneous networks. In particular, for users moving through different coverage areas (from Macrocells to small cells and vice versa), the Mobility Management features require new methodologies of evaluation during the handover decision phase in order to obtain a better performance. There have been many studies proposing a variety of handover decision algorithms that consider additional parameters or in some cases even different critera with respect to the standard received power. Each algorithm looks for optimizing the handover process and present a different grade of complexity and advantages from different points of view like link capacity, signal cost, delays, etc. This work proposes a new handover decision algorithm considering not only the received power but also the Doppler shift effect with the aim of reducing the energy consumption on user devices. The finality of this work is to evaluate the energy consumption in a mobile terminal when travelling along an heterogeneous network using both the standard handover decision algorithm and the proposed one. During this work a review of the main LTE concepts are presented and some of the current algorithms for the Handover decision phase are studied; then the proposed algorithm is described and finally some simulations are shown in order to understand the energy gain variations in a mobile terminal inside a Macro-Small cell scenario. The results of the simulations exhibit a reduction in the number of handovers by using the proposed algorithm, which is translated to a greater energy efficiency in the device.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/131966