Floods are calamitous phenomena with ever-increasing frequency around the globe, that often result in socio-economic damage and casualties. A detailed study is essential in order to understand the evolution of the phenomenon and to outline possible mitigation measures. In particular, a multidisciplinary approach, that combines hydraulic and geological knowledges, is required as it has been evidenced that the severity of an event is often the result of the coupling of a flood wave with elevated solid transport rates, where this effect is particularly pronounced in mountainous regions. The aim of this work is to study the solid transport in the Caldone river (Lecco) following a lagrangian approach in order to understand which are the dominant parameters of the process. Tracking pebble samples equipped with RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) transponders has been combined with flow discharge computed through PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) method in order to identify a relation between a given rainfall event and sediment transport. Moreover, critical sediment size has been estimated from field data using two approaches: an experimental one performed in situ and an analytical method using hydraulic modeling. A good correlation between the results of these approaches has been obtained, while the results of the solid transport analysis suggest that the migration of sediments appears to be affected to a large extent by the river bed morphology than by the physical properties of the pebbles.
Le alluvioni sono un fenomeno calamitoso sempre più diffuso nel mondo e causa di ingenti danni sia materiali sia sociali. Uno studio dettagliato e preciso è fondamentale per capire la dinamica del fenomeno e definire delle misure preventive. In particolare è necessario un approccio multidisciplinare in cui si combinano conoscenze idrauliche e conoscenze geologiche. Il seguente lavoro ha lo scopo di studiare il trasporto solido all’interno del torrente Caldone (Lecco) seguendo un approccio lagrangiano per capire quali fattori dominano il processo. Sono state combinate le proprietà fisiche e il movimento di ciottoli campione dotati di un trasponder RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) con le caratteristiche della corrente in termini di portata, calcolata misurando la velocità con la metodologia PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) per determinare una relazione tra eventi piovosi e spostamento del materiale in alveo. Inoltre, con i dati acquisiti per ogni evento è stato determinato il diametro critico amovibile attraverso due approcci: uno sperimentale eseguito in situ e uno analitico mediante una modellazione idraulica. Dal confronto dei risultati è emerso una buona corrispondenza tra i diametri critici misurati e calcolati analiticamente; mentre il trasporto dei clasti sembra essere influenzato maggiormente dalla morfologia dell’alveo rispetto alle proprietà fisiche dei ciottoli, che sembrano avere un impatto differente a seconda di diverse condizioni di portata.
Uso degli RFID per il monitoraggio del trasporto solido nel torrente Caldone
VERONELLI, ANDREA;MESSA, GIACOMO
2015/2016
Abstract
Floods are calamitous phenomena with ever-increasing frequency around the globe, that often result in socio-economic damage and casualties. A detailed study is essential in order to understand the evolution of the phenomenon and to outline possible mitigation measures. In particular, a multidisciplinary approach, that combines hydraulic and geological knowledges, is required as it has been evidenced that the severity of an event is often the result of the coupling of a flood wave with elevated solid transport rates, where this effect is particularly pronounced in mountainous regions. The aim of this work is to study the solid transport in the Caldone river (Lecco) following a lagrangian approach in order to understand which are the dominant parameters of the process. Tracking pebble samples equipped with RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) transponders has been combined with flow discharge computed through PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) method in order to identify a relation between a given rainfall event and sediment transport. Moreover, critical sediment size has been estimated from field data using two approaches: an experimental one performed in situ and an analytical method using hydraulic modeling. A good correlation between the results of these approaches has been obtained, while the results of the solid transport analysis suggest that the migration of sediments appears to be affected to a large extent by the river bed morphology than by the physical properties of the pebbles.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/132039