Segregation in cities has always existed in large or small scales and its downsides outweigh the positives in the literature. The problems of spatial isolation, inequality and even conflicts have been proven to may have roots in segregation. To address this, urban regeneration has surfaced as a recent relevant policy used in urban planning to confront the decay and overcome such problems. However, many of such projects have had physical approaches and therefore seem to have failed in strengthening social and cultural ties of problematic segregated areas; especially in developing countries like Iran. There have been different types of segregation in different cities of Iran. Tehran, the capital city, is the best example to study this issue due to its unique situation and social changes throughout its history. Segregation in Tehran has had different forms and has occurred in various ways, since Qajar period (from 1794). Nowadays segregated areas of Tehran include vast urban fabrics with very different contexts, from poor central southern areas of the city to its wealthy ones in north; with different types from socio-economic segregation to ethnic and religious ones. Regeneration activities seem to have never targeted this issue and they largely aim to regenerate single buildings in general, and dealing with social aspects, for example, is neglected; even some of them lead to segregation. They are also very much based on the central government (and related governmental agencies) and local authorities do not play a significant role in the process, even with their role being more highlighted than before. This thesis analyzes the main causes of segregation in Iran, and studies to what extent urban regeneration projects have contributed to segregation, more specifically in Tehran; its aim is hence to realize how urban regeneration and segregation are related in Tehran, and whether or not urban regeneration has affected urban segregation, either directly or indirectly. Using secondary sources and interviews helped with the analysis of the issue and finally to understand the fact that not having acknowledged segregation as an “urban issue” has been a major reason for its negligence in urban policies and plans in Tehran (and generally in Iran); the unintegrated approach of regeneration policies as well has contributed to such negligence.
La segregazione, su scala maggiore o minore, nelle città è sempre esistita e, nella letteratura sul tema, i suoi lati negativi superano quelli positivi. È stato dimostrato che problemi dell’isolamento, diseguaglianze e anche conflitti hanno radici nella segregazione. Per far fronte a queste problematiche la rigenerazione urbana è recentemente emersa come politica di pianificazione urbanistica per affrontare il degrado e superare tali criticità. Comunque, molti di questi progetti hanno avuto approcci fisici e quindi sembra che abbiano fallito nel rafforzare i legami socio-culturali di aree di segregazione problematiche; specialmente nello sviluppo di paesi come l’Iran. Ci sono stati diversi tipi di segregazione in varie città iraniane. Tehran, la capitale, è l’esempio migliore per studiare tali questioni per la sua situazione particolare e i cambiamenti sociali che hanno attraversato la sua storia. La segregazione a Tehran ha avuto forme differenti e si è verificata in vari modi, sin dall’epoca della dinastia Quajar (dal 1794). Oggi le aree di segregazione di Tehrean includono vasti tessuti urbani con contesti molto variegati, dall’area povera centro-meridionale a quelle più benestanti a nord, e diversi tipi di segregazione da quella socio-economica a quella etnica o religiosa. Le attività di rigenerazione sembrano non aver mai avuto come obiettivo singoli edifici e non hanno mai affrontato, ad esempio, questioni sociali, anche se queste, in alcuni casi, hanno portato alla segregazione. Tali attività sono comunemente stabilite dal governo centrale e dalle relative agenzie governative, le autorità locali giocano un ruolo minore in questi processi, seppure il loro ruolo ora sia messo maggiormente in evidenza. Questa tesi analizza le cause della segregazione in Iran e studia quanto i progetti di rigenerazione urbana abbiano contribuito alla segregazione, nello specifico a Tehran; il suo obiettivo è quindi di comprendere la relazione tra rigenerazione urbana e segregazione a Tehran e se la rigenerazione urbana ha influito sulla segregazione in modo diretto o indiretto. L’utilizzo fonti secondarie e interviste ha aiutato a mettere a fuoco l’analisi della questione: il rifiuto di definire la segregazione come una “problematica” è stato infatti la base per la trascuratezza con cui questo tema è stato affrontato nelle politiche urbane a Tehran e in tutto l’Iran. L’approccio non integrato alle politiche di rigenerazione urbana ha inoltre contribuito a tale negligenza.
Exploring a nexus : urban segregation and urban regeneration in Tehran, Iran
QAYYOOMI BIDHENDI, MARYAM
2015/2016
Abstract
Segregation in cities has always existed in large or small scales and its downsides outweigh the positives in the literature. The problems of spatial isolation, inequality and even conflicts have been proven to may have roots in segregation. To address this, urban regeneration has surfaced as a recent relevant policy used in urban planning to confront the decay and overcome such problems. However, many of such projects have had physical approaches and therefore seem to have failed in strengthening social and cultural ties of problematic segregated areas; especially in developing countries like Iran. There have been different types of segregation in different cities of Iran. Tehran, the capital city, is the best example to study this issue due to its unique situation and social changes throughout its history. Segregation in Tehran has had different forms and has occurred in various ways, since Qajar period (from 1794). Nowadays segregated areas of Tehran include vast urban fabrics with very different contexts, from poor central southern areas of the city to its wealthy ones in north; with different types from socio-economic segregation to ethnic and religious ones. Regeneration activities seem to have never targeted this issue and they largely aim to regenerate single buildings in general, and dealing with social aspects, for example, is neglected; even some of them lead to segregation. They are also very much based on the central government (and related governmental agencies) and local authorities do not play a significant role in the process, even with their role being more highlighted than before. This thesis analyzes the main causes of segregation in Iran, and studies to what extent urban regeneration projects have contributed to segregation, more specifically in Tehran; its aim is hence to realize how urban regeneration and segregation are related in Tehran, and whether or not urban regeneration has affected urban segregation, either directly or indirectly. Using secondary sources and interviews helped with the analysis of the issue and finally to understand the fact that not having acknowledged segregation as an “urban issue” has been a major reason for its negligence in urban policies and plans in Tehran (and generally in Iran); the unintegrated approach of regeneration policies as well has contributed to such negligence.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/132176