Risk analysis is the best tool to identify all the risks in a company and to study and propose solutions suitable for removing or mitigating risks. Therefore, this assessment and the application of any of the identified solutions are of primary importance to the health and protection of the workers. During the internship in Florette Italia, it was conducted a risk assessment and system analysis with ALBA methodology (Algorithm Logic Bayesian Analysis), a dynamic event tree generator, which led to a number of proposals for the improvement of the activities. ALBA methodology works at its best when an accurate and complete system analysis is performed: as described in the first and second chapter, the analysis has been conducted with the classical methods of investigation, like Functional and System analysis. This was completed during the first part of the internship, when the first documents needed for the OHSAS 18001 certification, the international applied standard for occupational health and safety management systems, were also drafted. Thanks to this complete and detailed analysis, to the continued and daily talking with workers and executives, and to the study of the DVR (the Italian certification of the risk assessment, due to the state decree 81/2008), it was possible to identify some criticalities regarding health and safety of the employees. In particular, inadequate or missing standard procedures were identified, especially for the use of chemicals (Sodium metabisulfite and Sodium metabisulfite) in certain areas of the factory, and the absence of proper and protective clothes against the cold environment, which were not provided by the company. In Chapter 3, the missing procedures and some proposals for a process modification are described. Thanks to safety data sheets and the collaboration with the Quality Manager and Line Manager of the company, these procedures were designed and immediately implemented. Other procedures and improvements for the safety in working areas were proposed and were included; the management has already carried out some of them. The risk analysis of the thermal environment, conducted in compliance with the UNI ENV ISO 11079:2007 and its references normative, is described in Chapter 4: effective clothing insulation, required to maintain the thermal balance of the body, was achieved after proper data gathering, and a solution of the desired clothes was provided. After preliminary testing, the executives decide to buy new uniforms and work clothes. Finally, Chapter 5 describes the Risk assessment conducted with ALBA methodology, a new method that generates the entire spectrum of the risk, and links together the critical components and magnitudes of the scenario. From the analysis of the results obtained with ALBA methodology, three new system procedures can be suggested: 1. put in place better trainings and wider skill learning update for workers; 2. continuous supervision of the work environment; 3. provide better Individual Protection Devices (IDP). The simulation with ALBA shows how, thanks to the strategy of implementing these three procedures leads to the achievement of significant risks reduction with a small economic effort. Furthermore, if the process for the OHSAS 18001 certification is resumed, these procedures could be easily added to the Occupational, Health and Safety Management System (OHSMS). The strategy can also be implemented with the reintroduction of the Plant Manager, who (as used to be some years ago) should be empowered to supervise workers' training and update, and plant and production control. This will eventually help in reducing risks and achieving an overall better plant management, providing better communication and relationship between workers and executives.
L’analisi di rischio è il miglior strumento per individuare tutti i rischi in un'azienda e studiare soluzioni atte alla eliminazione o alla mitigazione degli stessi: lo studio, e l’applicazione delle eventuali soluzioni individuate, è quindi di primaria importanza per la salute e la salvaguardia dei lavoratori. Durante lo stage presso l’azienda Florette Italia, si è svolto un processo di analisi dei rischi e del sistema con la metodologia ALBA (Algorithm Logic Bayesian Analysis), un generatore dinamico di alberi degli eventi. Questa metodologia si basa su un'approfondita analisi del sistema, che è stata svolta con le tecniche più diffuse e utilizzate, quali Functional Analysis e analisi dei flussi interni, di cui si tratta nel Capitolo 1 e Capitolo 2. In questa prima parte del progetto, condotta nelle fasi iniziali dello stage, si sono redatti anche i primi documenti necessari al conseguimento della certificazione OHSAS 18001, lo standard internazionale per l’implementazione di un sistema di gestione della sicurezza e della salute dei lavoratori. Grazie a questa approfondita analisi, al continuo e giornaliero confronto con i lavoratori e dirigenti, e allo studio del Documento Valutazione Rischi (D.lgs. n. 81/2008), sono emersi diversi elementi critici per la salute e la sicurezza dei lavoratori. In particolare, sono state individuate procedure inadeguate, o mancanti, per l’utilizzo di sostanze chimiche in determinate zone dello stabilimento, e un insufficiente fornitura di vestiario ai lavoratori, per affrontare le basse temperature nei reparti di produzione. Nel Capitolo 3 vengono quindi descritte le procedure mancanti, redatte grazie alle schede di sicurezza e alla collaborazione del Responsabile Qualità e dei responsabili di linea e prontamente messe in atto, e le modifiche suggerite all’azienda, in parte già attuate dalla direzione. Nel capitolo 4 viene proposto lo svolgimento di un'analisi microclimatica approfondita degli ambienti, eseguita seguendo la norma UNI ENV ISO 11079:2007 e norme ad essa collegate: con questo studio, sono stati individuati i limiti di protezione richiesta (IREQ – Insulation Required) e i necessari indumenti volti a garantire il corretto isolamento termico dei lavoratori. Con le indicazioni fornite, sono state individuate diverse combinazioni di vestiario e, dopo alcune settimane di valutazione da parte dei lavoratori, la direzione ha proceduto all’acquisto. Nel capitolo 5 infine viene descritta l’analisi ALBA: questa metodologia induttiva è fondata sui tre principi di coerenza della statistica e permette di descrivere in modo completo, da un punto di vista logico e stocastico, l’intero sviluppo del sistema. Ciò conduce all'individuazione di tutti i possibili percorsi in cui esso può evolvere tramite l’identificazione di un numero adeguato e coerente di domande e vincoli. L'analisi dei risultati ottenuti con la metodologia ALBA ha evidenziato tre possibili ambiti di intervento da parte dell'azienda per migliorare la sicurezza. Nello specifico si propone la realizzazione di una formazione di più alto livello e aggiornamento dei dipendenti; una maggiore supervisione del lavoro e la fornitura di più adeguati Dispositivi di Protezione Individuali (DPI). La simulazione dell'introduzione di queste tre proposte mostra come, con un minimo impiego di risorse, sia facilmente raggiungibile un miglioramento generale della sicurezza. Inoltre queste procedure potrebbero essere inserite nel manuale per la certificazione OHSAS 18001, qualora l'azienda riprendesse in considerazione il conseguimento della stessa. A completamento di questo studio, emerge che sarebbe inoltre possibile realizzare queste proposte attraverso la reintroduzione di una figura operativa, già presente nei vecchi organigrammi ma da tempo non più implementata: il responsabile di produzione. Su tale figura ricadrebbero la responsabilità della formazione e dell'aggiornamento specialistico dei lavoratori, la supervisione dei turni lavorativi e le misure di correzione adeguate di comportamenti non idonei. Inoltre, si otterrebbe una semplificazione dei mansionari in uso attualmente, e un'ottimizzazione nella implementazione e successiva gestione della eventuale certificazione OHSAS 18001.
Analisi di rischio con metodologia ALBA, studio microclimatico e sue applicazioni in Florette Italia, una piccola-media azienda di prodotti di IV gamma
SOLCA, DANIELE
2016/2017
Abstract
Risk analysis is the best tool to identify all the risks in a company and to study and propose solutions suitable for removing or mitigating risks. Therefore, this assessment and the application of any of the identified solutions are of primary importance to the health and protection of the workers. During the internship in Florette Italia, it was conducted a risk assessment and system analysis with ALBA methodology (Algorithm Logic Bayesian Analysis), a dynamic event tree generator, which led to a number of proposals for the improvement of the activities. ALBA methodology works at its best when an accurate and complete system analysis is performed: as described in the first and second chapter, the analysis has been conducted with the classical methods of investigation, like Functional and System analysis. This was completed during the first part of the internship, when the first documents needed for the OHSAS 18001 certification, the international applied standard for occupational health and safety management systems, were also drafted. Thanks to this complete and detailed analysis, to the continued and daily talking with workers and executives, and to the study of the DVR (the Italian certification of the risk assessment, due to the state decree 81/2008), it was possible to identify some criticalities regarding health and safety of the employees. In particular, inadequate or missing standard procedures were identified, especially for the use of chemicals (Sodium metabisulfite and Sodium metabisulfite) in certain areas of the factory, and the absence of proper and protective clothes against the cold environment, which were not provided by the company. In Chapter 3, the missing procedures and some proposals for a process modification are described. Thanks to safety data sheets and the collaboration with the Quality Manager and Line Manager of the company, these procedures were designed and immediately implemented. Other procedures and improvements for the safety in working areas were proposed and were included; the management has already carried out some of them. The risk analysis of the thermal environment, conducted in compliance with the UNI ENV ISO 11079:2007 and its references normative, is described in Chapter 4: effective clothing insulation, required to maintain the thermal balance of the body, was achieved after proper data gathering, and a solution of the desired clothes was provided. After preliminary testing, the executives decide to buy new uniforms and work clothes. Finally, Chapter 5 describes the Risk assessment conducted with ALBA methodology, a new method that generates the entire spectrum of the risk, and links together the critical components and magnitudes of the scenario. From the analysis of the results obtained with ALBA methodology, three new system procedures can be suggested: 1. put in place better trainings and wider skill learning update for workers; 2. continuous supervision of the work environment; 3. provide better Individual Protection Devices (IDP). The simulation with ALBA shows how, thanks to the strategy of implementing these three procedures leads to the achievement of significant risks reduction with a small economic effort. Furthermore, if the process for the OHSAS 18001 certification is resumed, these procedures could be easily added to the Occupational, Health and Safety Management System (OHSMS). The strategy can also be implemented with the reintroduction of the Plant Manager, who (as used to be some years ago) should be empowered to supervise workers' training and update, and plant and production control. This will eventually help in reducing risks and achieving an overall better plant management, providing better communication and relationship between workers and executives.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/133138