The ubiquitous nature of Internet of Things (IoT) has led to its applications in various domains like logistics, healthcare, industries, autonomous transport along with several others. Among these applications of IoT, we illustrate the use of IoT in smart buildings for Energy Monitoring. A smart building comprises a building equipped with sensors, information appliances, network communications and automation equipment, that pro- vide a comfortable, safe, green and convenient living environment. Furthermore, the re- cent advances in technologies encompassing sensors, micro-motor systems and wireless communication has facilitated the intercommunication among the embedded systems in a smart home environment. Utility bills display the amount of energy being used – if they are analyzed, however they do not reveal when, where or how that energy is consumed. Detailed measurement of energy usage in real time can provide an awareness of the patterns of energy usage throughout a building. The knowledge could help decision support systems and orga- nization management in the consideration of the energy usage of process structures and components in a building. Studies [1] have suggested that more energy can be saved in buildings with direct real-time energy consumption feedback as compared to those with indirect feedback like monthly bills. We have developed a low-cost interactive energy management system that permits the residents understand their electricity usage patterns and adapt their behaviour to reduce their energy footprint. Furthermore, such a system can also be linked with generation estimates and monitoring systems to further optimize the building level con- sumption [2]. While the costs of sensors and data storage have become cheaper, the cost of complete monitoring system on the other hand remains high for large-scale deployment. This has been a major factor that has kept these system from being used in a larger scale. The work in this thesis aims at building a low-cost energy monitoring platform that can help drop the initial deployment cost. A literature survey on the existing solutions have revealed that the primary cost of a generic IoT system is the one regarding the deployment [3]. We investigated methods that permitted to deploy the same system with lower costs and deduced that our primary area of focus were the sensors and the gateway. With the development in the area of MEMS and sensing technologies, the prices of sensors has dropped [4], however the costs of a gateway remains still high. Through the scope of this work, we developed a suitable IoT gateway that could be used in conjunction with already in place architectures. We illustrate the challenges involved in building such a gateway, the steps involved and the improvements we achieved with the deployment of the gateway in a smart building.
La versatilità del Internet of Things (IoT) ha portato a un suo utilizzo in vari settori come logistica, sanità, industrie, trasporto autonomo etc. Tra queste applicazioni IoT, noi illustriamo l'uso dell'Internet of Things in edifici intelligenti per il monitoraggio energetico. Un edificio intelligente è un edificio dotato di sensori, dispositivi informatici, comunicazioni di rete e dispositivi automatici, che offrono un ambiente confortevole, sicuro, verde e conveniente. Inoltre, i progressi nelle tecnologie recenti dei sensori, sistemi micro-motore e comunicazione wireless ha facilitato l'intercomunicazione tra i sistemi embedded in un ambiente domestico intelligente. Le bollette mostrano la quantità di energia utilizzata se sono analizzate, tuttavia esse non rivelano quando, dove e come l'energia viene consumata. La misura dettagliata del consumo di energia in tempo reale in grado di fornire una consapevolezza dei modelli di consumo di energia all'interno di un edificio. Gli studi hanno suggerito che più energia può essere salvata in edifici con feedback in tempo reale rispetto a quelli con feedback indiretto come le bollette mensili. Abbiamo sviluppato un sistema di gestione dell'energia interattivo a basso costo che permette ai residenti a capire i loro modelli di utilizzo dell'energia elettrica e migliorare le loro abitudini per ridurre il loro consumo energetico. Inoltre, questo sistema può anche essere collegato con sistemi di controllo per ottimizzare ulteriormente il livello consumo dell'edificio Mentre i costi di sensori e di memorizzazione dei dati sono diminuiti, il costo del sistema di monitoraggio completo invece rimane alto per la distribuzione su larga scala. Questo è stato un fattore importante che no ha permesso a questi sistemi di essere utilizzati in larga scala. Il lavoro di tesi mira a costruire una piattaforma di monitoraggio energetico a basso costo che può aiutare ad abbassare il costo dell’installazione iniziale. Un'indagine fatta sulle soluzioni esistenti ha rivelato che il costo principale di un sistema IoT generico è quello relativo al gateway. Abbiamo studiato i metodi che ci hanno permesso di implementare lo stesso sistema con costi inferiori e dedotto che ci dovevamo focalizzare su i sensori e il gateway. Con lo sviluppo nel settore delle tecnologie di rilevamento MEMS, il prezzo dei sensori è sceso, tuttavia il costo di un gateway rimane ancora elevato. Attraverso questo lavoro abbiamo sviluppato un gateway IoT che potrebbe essere utilizzato con architetture già esistenti. Illustriamo le sfide affrontante nella costruzione di un tale gateway, le varie fasi e i miglioramenti che abbiamo ottenuto con una prova del gateway in un prototipo.
A low-cost, flexible system for energy monitoring in buildings
HUQI, ARMAND
2016/2017
Abstract
The ubiquitous nature of Internet of Things (IoT) has led to its applications in various domains like logistics, healthcare, industries, autonomous transport along with several others. Among these applications of IoT, we illustrate the use of IoT in smart buildings for Energy Monitoring. A smart building comprises a building equipped with sensors, information appliances, network communications and automation equipment, that pro- vide a comfortable, safe, green and convenient living environment. Furthermore, the re- cent advances in technologies encompassing sensors, micro-motor systems and wireless communication has facilitated the intercommunication among the embedded systems in a smart home environment. Utility bills display the amount of energy being used – if they are analyzed, however they do not reveal when, where or how that energy is consumed. Detailed measurement of energy usage in real time can provide an awareness of the patterns of energy usage throughout a building. The knowledge could help decision support systems and orga- nization management in the consideration of the energy usage of process structures and components in a building. Studies [1] have suggested that more energy can be saved in buildings with direct real-time energy consumption feedback as compared to those with indirect feedback like monthly bills. We have developed a low-cost interactive energy management system that permits the residents understand their electricity usage patterns and adapt their behaviour to reduce their energy footprint. Furthermore, such a system can also be linked with generation estimates and monitoring systems to further optimize the building level con- sumption [2]. While the costs of sensors and data storage have become cheaper, the cost of complete monitoring system on the other hand remains high for large-scale deployment. This has been a major factor that has kept these system from being used in a larger scale. The work in this thesis aims at building a low-cost energy monitoring platform that can help drop the initial deployment cost. A literature survey on the existing solutions have revealed that the primary cost of a generic IoT system is the one regarding the deployment [3]. We investigated methods that permitted to deploy the same system with lower costs and deduced that our primary area of focus were the sensors and the gateway. With the development in the area of MEMS and sensing technologies, the prices of sensors has dropped [4], however the costs of a gateway remains still high. Through the scope of this work, we developed a suitable IoT gateway that could be used in conjunction with already in place architectures. We illustrate the challenges involved in building such a gateway, the steps involved and the improvements we achieved with the deployment of the gateway in a smart building.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/133202