The present work has been developed in response to the issue of derailment of railway freight cars, this event it can cause extensive damage to the railway infrastructure also it generates great inconvenience for those who use the rail transport system due to interruption of the circulation, cancellations, delays, etc. In addition, given the high power available powers in goods trains, the driver is not able to autonomously detect the presence of a misguided wagon, which also continues for kilometres its march under abnormal conditions, thereby increasing the time and cost for the rehabilitation of infrastructure. Finally, it is also considered the risk to the population and the environment. The idea of being able to quickly assess whether a cart is derailed is not new, in previous years are various systems designed to evaluate in real time the convoy driving conditions, but to date had not yet been used due to certain related issues the need to install these systems on all freight wagons, this is a major obstacle given the high number of cars currently available in Italy and Europe. To solve this problem, it was decided to study a system that is only installed on locomotives running traction, this will solve the problem of the number of vehicles to orchestrate. It was therefore sought to provide a suitable load cell to be able to assess the effort to the locomotive traction hook in a continuous manner, then a suitable software will evaluate, on an ongoing also, if there are any abnormal trends of the solicitation, on traction organs, such that they can encounter the derailment of one or more wagons. The development of this thesis is changed from a first phase of analysis of the derailment is understood as a phenomenon that leads to one or more wheelsets of the convoy to exit from its seat, and subsequently will be analysed the characteristics of railway vehicles, whether they are of simple wagons to tow or modern traction means, providing a broad overview specially to adopt unified traction system in Europe. Such a system is in fact the object of interest of this thesis, since the evaluation of the stresses produced at the traction hook by towed vehicles, will be evaluated with a suitable load cell to be inserted within that system for the vehicle pulling. Being our load cell an electronic cell will then proceed with a relative electric panoramic on the strain gauge, then you should be evaluated to analyse the possible solutions for the load cell to be applied to the traction hook, with attention to the final solution. The last part of this paper is dedicated to the hardware and software solutions, including the hardware components are present in addition to the cell: an accelerometer system and a GPS / GSM-R, the first to evaluate the convoy driving conditions, the second for the positioning of the train and communicate with ground systems. For the software part has gone to achieve an appropriate program, whose main function is that of assessing in a continuous manner the various data transmitted from the instrumentation on board the locomotive. So, can alert personnel of conduct through audio and visual signals the presence of abnormal running conditions.
Il presente lavoro di tesi è stato sviluppato come risposta alla problematica dello svio dei carri merci ferroviari, tale evento infatti può causare ingenti danni all’infrastruttura ferroviaria, inoltre genera elevati disagi per chi usufruisce del sistema di trasporto ferroviario dovuti a interruzioni della circolazione, cancellazioni, ritardi, ecc. In aggiunta, data l’elevata potenza a disposizione potenze nei convogli merci, il macchinista non risulta in grado di rilevare autonomamente la presenza di un carro sviato, che continua anche per chilometri la sua marcia in condizioni anomale, aumentando di conseguenza i tempi e i costi per il ripristino dell’infrastruttura. Infine è da considerarsi anche il rischio legato alla popolazione e l’ambiente circostante. L’idea di poter valutare tempestivamente se un carro è sviato non è nuova, già negli anni passati sono stati studiati vari sistemi per valutare in tempo reale le condizioni di marcia del convoglio, tuttavia ad oggi non risultano ancora utilizzati a causa di alcune problematiche legate alla necessità di dover installare su tutti i carri merci questi sistemi, questo rappresenta un grande ostacolo dato l’elevatissimo numero di carri attualmente disponibili in Italia e in Europa. Per risolvere tale problematica si è deciso di studiare un sistema che sia installato solamente sulle locomotive che effettuano la trazione, in questo modo si risolverebbe sicuramente il problema legato al numero di veicoli da strumentare. Si è quindi pensato di realizzare un’opportuna cella di carico per poter valutare lo sforzo al gancio della locomotiva in trazione in modo continuativo, quindi un opportuno software valuterà, continuativamente anch’esso, se sono presenti andamenti anomali della sollecitazione, sugli organi di trazione, tali da poter riscontrare lo svio di uno o più carri. Lo sviluppo di questa tesi passa da una prima fase di analisi dello svio inteso come fenomeno che porta una o più sale montate del convoglio a uscire dalla propria sede, successivamente verranno analizzate le caratteristiche dei veicoli ferroviari, siano questi dei semplici carri al traino o moderni mezzi di trazione, fornendo una ampia panoramica soprattutto al sistema di trazione unificato adotto in Europa. Tale sistema infatti è l’oggetto di interesse di questa tesi, in quanto la valutazione delle sollecitazioni prodotte al gancio di trazione dai veicoli trainati, verrà valutata con un’apposita cella di carico da inserire all’interno di tale sistema per il taino dei veicoli. Essendo la nostra cella di carico una cella elettronica si procederà quindi con una panoramica relativa all’estensimetria elettrica, quindi si vanno ad analizzare le soluzioni valutate per la possibile cella di carico da applicare al gancio di trazione, con particolare attenzione alla soluzione finale. L’ultima parte del presente elaborato è dedicato alle soluzioni hardware e software, tra le componenti hardware sono presenti oltre alla cella: un accelerometro ed un sistema GPS/GSM-R, il primo per valutare le condizioni di marcia del convoglio, il secondo per il posizionamento del treno e la comunicazione con gli impianti a terra. Per la parte software si è andati a realizzare un opportuno programma, la cui funzione principale risulta essere quella di valutare in maniera continua i diversi dati trasmessi dalla strumentazione presente a bordo del locomotore. Quindi poter segnalare al personale di condotta attraverso segnali sonori e visivi la presenza di condizioni di marcia anomale.
Train derailment detection system. Studio, progetto e prototipazione di un sistema elettromeccanico per il rilevamento dello svio di un convoglio ferroviario
GALIMBERTI, NICOLÒ
2015/2016
Abstract
The present work has been developed in response to the issue of derailment of railway freight cars, this event it can cause extensive damage to the railway infrastructure also it generates great inconvenience for those who use the rail transport system due to interruption of the circulation, cancellations, delays, etc. In addition, given the high power available powers in goods trains, the driver is not able to autonomously detect the presence of a misguided wagon, which also continues for kilometres its march under abnormal conditions, thereby increasing the time and cost for the rehabilitation of infrastructure. Finally, it is also considered the risk to the population and the environment. The idea of being able to quickly assess whether a cart is derailed is not new, in previous years are various systems designed to evaluate in real time the convoy driving conditions, but to date had not yet been used due to certain related issues the need to install these systems on all freight wagons, this is a major obstacle given the high number of cars currently available in Italy and Europe. To solve this problem, it was decided to study a system that is only installed on locomotives running traction, this will solve the problem of the number of vehicles to orchestrate. It was therefore sought to provide a suitable load cell to be able to assess the effort to the locomotive traction hook in a continuous manner, then a suitable software will evaluate, on an ongoing also, if there are any abnormal trends of the solicitation, on traction organs, such that they can encounter the derailment of one or more wagons. The development of this thesis is changed from a first phase of analysis of the derailment is understood as a phenomenon that leads to one or more wheelsets of the convoy to exit from its seat, and subsequently will be analysed the characteristics of railway vehicles, whether they are of simple wagons to tow or modern traction means, providing a broad overview specially to adopt unified traction system in Europe. Such a system is in fact the object of interest of this thesis, since the evaluation of the stresses produced at the traction hook by towed vehicles, will be evaluated with a suitable load cell to be inserted within that system for the vehicle pulling. Being our load cell an electronic cell will then proceed with a relative electric panoramic on the strain gauge, then you should be evaluated to analyse the possible solutions for the load cell to be applied to the traction hook, with attention to the final solution. The last part of this paper is dedicated to the hardware and software solutions, including the hardware components are present in addition to the cell: an accelerometer system and a GPS / GSM-R, the first to evaluate the convoy driving conditions, the second for the positioning of the train and communicate with ground systems. For the software part has gone to achieve an appropriate program, whose main function is that of assessing in a continuous manner the various data transmitted from the instrumentation on board the locomotive. So, can alert personnel of conduct through audio and visual signals the presence of abnormal running conditions.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/133608