Conservation policies need to go beyond considering wetlands as independent objects, but as integral components of the landscape. In fact, there are fluxes of energy, materials and organisms between wetlands that create physical and functional connections. Amphibians breed in wetlands and migrate among wetlands, creating ecological connections between them. In our approach, we describe the wetland landscape as a wetland network. First, networks were virtually generated using graph theory with nodes (wetlands) and links (flows of organisms between wetlands). Graphs were coupled with a population model that simulates amphibian dynamic in the network. Combining wetlands’ ecological connectivity and amphibian distribution, we evaluated wetlands’ role in the landscape. We applied management strategies (habitat improvement and degradation) to study impacts on the amphibian dynamic depending on wetland connectivity. We found that connections play a key role on population dynamic and different strategies don’t have the same impacts. Then, we applied our findings to the Nose Creek Watershed, Alberta, Canada, with two amphibian species-at-risk: we focused on how wetlands connection can be included in public policies. We developed an index of habitat quality and an index of connections quality for amphibians to define a wetlands network within a real landscape. The first one aims to assess the suitability of each wetland for amphibian aquatic needs defining the node features; the latter aims to assess the goodness of corridors for amphibian dispersal creating the links and defining the connectivity of the wetland network. We couple the indices with the amphibians’ model in the network to identify guidelines for polices considering both the wetland habitat and the connectivity. We qualitative identified: priority wetlands that support the most the amphibian population; wetlands restoration focus (improving wetlands habitat vs improving wetlands connections) to support amphibian population in degraded wetlands. Our work shows that wetlands conservation strategies can benefit by moving from site-specific actions to multiple-scale plans considering wetlands connectivity.
Le politiche di conservazione dovrebbero superare l’idea di wetlands come oggetti indipendenti, considerandole componenti integranti del paesaggio. Esistono infatti flussi di energia, materia ed organismi tra le wetlands, che creano connessioni fisiche e funzionali. Gli anfibi si riproducono nelle wetland e migrano, creando connessioni ecologiche. Descriviamo il paesaggio di wetlands come una rete di wetlands. Seguendo la teoria dei grafi, abbiamo generato virtualmente reti di wetlands, dove le wetlands sono i nodi e i flussi di organismi sono i collegamenti delle reti. Le reti sono state combinate con un modello di dinamica della popolazione che simula l’evoluzione di una specie di anfibi nella rete. Unendo la connettività delle wetlands e la distribuzione degli anfibi nella rete, abbiamo studiato il ruolo delle wetlands all’interno del paesaggio. Abbiamo analizzato gli impatti di due strategie di gestione sulla dinamica degli anfibi (miglioramento vs degradazione dell’habitat) a seconda della connettività delle wetlands: per gli anfibi le connessioni delle wetlands svolgono un ruolo chiave e diverse strategie non hanno lo stesso impatto sulla loro dinamica. Abbiamo applicato i risultati al Nose Creek Watershed, Alberta, Canada, con due specie anfibie a rischio: ci siamo chiesti come includere la connettività nelle politiche di gestione. Per definire una rete reale di wetlands, abbiamo sviluppato un indice di qualità dell’habitat e un indice di qualità delle connessioni. Il primo valuta l'idoneità di ciascuna wetland per le esigenze acquatiche degli anfibi definendo le caratteristiche dei nodi; il secondo valuta la bontà di corridoi per la dispersione degli anfibi definendo la connettività. Combinando i due indici con il modello degli anfibi nella rete abbiamo identificato qualitativamente: wetlands da preservare poiché supportano la popolazione di anfibi e il tipo di intervento necessario nelle altre wetlands (miglioramento dell’habitat vs miglioramento dei collegamenti tra wetlands) per supportare la popolazione. Il ruolo della connettività fra le wetlands può migliorare le strategie di conservazione, rendendole più rappresentative della rete di wetlands.
Management of wetlands for enhancing biodiversity : a network perspective for resilient landscapes
ZAMBERLETTI, PATRIZIA;ZAFFARONI, MARTA
2015/2016
Abstract
Conservation policies need to go beyond considering wetlands as independent objects, but as integral components of the landscape. In fact, there are fluxes of energy, materials and organisms between wetlands that create physical and functional connections. Amphibians breed in wetlands and migrate among wetlands, creating ecological connections between them. In our approach, we describe the wetland landscape as a wetland network. First, networks were virtually generated using graph theory with nodes (wetlands) and links (flows of organisms between wetlands). Graphs were coupled with a population model that simulates amphibian dynamic in the network. Combining wetlands’ ecological connectivity and amphibian distribution, we evaluated wetlands’ role in the landscape. We applied management strategies (habitat improvement and degradation) to study impacts on the amphibian dynamic depending on wetland connectivity. We found that connections play a key role on population dynamic and different strategies don’t have the same impacts. Then, we applied our findings to the Nose Creek Watershed, Alberta, Canada, with two amphibian species-at-risk: we focused on how wetlands connection can be included in public policies. We developed an index of habitat quality and an index of connections quality for amphibians to define a wetlands network within a real landscape. The first one aims to assess the suitability of each wetland for amphibian aquatic needs defining the node features; the latter aims to assess the goodness of corridors for amphibian dispersal creating the links and defining the connectivity of the wetland network. We couple the indices with the amphibians’ model in the network to identify guidelines for polices considering both the wetland habitat and the connectivity. We qualitative identified: priority wetlands that support the most the amphibian population; wetlands restoration focus (improving wetlands habitat vs improving wetlands connections) to support amphibian population in degraded wetlands. Our work shows that wetlands conservation strategies can benefit by moving from site-specific actions to multiple-scale plans considering wetlands connectivity.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/133631